I am aware that the naming of human remains ‘a waste’ may seems controversial, and emphasize that I do not want to offend anyone by this comparison.

The fact is that every day in the world dies of about 150 thousand people, which is a huge amount if we realize that human remains will remain on the planet, and only we decide in what form, and how it will impact on the environment.

Therefore, in my presentation, I would like to look at this issue from the technical side.

TRADITIONAL BURIAL

At first, a few words about the most common and least controversial method of burial – traditional burial. I don’t need to explain what is it, let’s talk about it’s main disadvantages.

First of all – groundwater contamination from cementeries – Most existing cemeteries were sited without thinking about potential risks to the local environment or local community. Commonly, they are constructed close to settlements because of religious and culture circumstances

During putrification of the human corpse, there is a seepage of decay products into percolating water. This seepage contains bacteria, viruses and organic and inorganic chemical decomposition products. This could conceivably be a cause of local epidemics from waterborne diseases where the groundwater is used as a water source

Land contamination by elements of the grave - Ten acres of a typical cemetery contain nearly 1,000 tons of casket steel, 20,000 tons of concrete in burial vaults, and enough wood used in coffins to build 40 homes. It is important to say, that the burial of lacquered wood and metal caskets are highly environmentally impactful.

Lack of place - Today, sufficient land area for cemeteries is difficult to find in populated areas, and in the near future areas sufficient space for cemeteries may not be found at all in cities in most parts of the world.

Vertical cemeteries The solution to the problem of lack of space, in a growing number countries in the world are you cemeteries'. This is particularly so when religion does not allow for cremation (Judaism, Islam). Judaism does not allow for incineration of corpses, and Islam requires burial so that the deceased was lying on his right side with his face turned towards Mecca.

CREMATION

This refers to the cremation, which is carried out in a specially designed cremation furnaces. Another aspect of incineration of corpses present in many cultures, including Hinduism.

Modern cremation is carried out in a creation furnace - at least two-chamber, whose design is based on the principle of multiple heat recovery, (so located and organized an input device that family and relatives have the possibility, at their request, to directly observe the introduction of corpses)

The furnace can be supplied with fuel oil, natural gas or LPG. incineration process is fully automatic and on its course, duration, the associated emissions ensures the integrated computer PLC - only in older models operator manually controls the operation of the furnace by means of the control panel - new furnaces are equipped with LCD touch screen mounted directly on the stove - so there is no need for additional control center of the oven and exhaust filters.

Flue gases from the cremation process before escaping to the environment are combusted in a special chamber and through a suitable ceramic flue, wherein the temperature is maintained at 850 ° C and to which are supplied the appropriate proportions of oxygen. As post-burned exhaust gas is passed to the chimney, or optionally to the respective filters.

Ashes after burning people are still crushed in a separate device, before placing them in an urn. In older stoves Pellet stove was integrated, however, due to the operator safety and environmental protection, legislators in many European countries require the separation of these functions. While carrying out a cremation furnace consumes up to 12 kg of fuel oil, or 10 cubic meters of natural gas.

THE USE OF ASHES

Depending on the country, incinerated corpses to get the next of kin of the deceased, or must be placed in a cemetery or a designated place. In many places in the world to use the ideas arose from the ashes of the cremation, so that they can get a 'second life' '.

Polskie prawo dotyczące pochówku przewiduje, że jedna osoba może spoczywać w grobie przez okres 20 lat; później, gdy rodzina zmarłego nie wykupi grobu ponownie, grób może zostać przekopany i może zostać pochowana tam inna osoba.

Zgodnie z artykułem 12. i 16. ustawy z dnia 31 stycznia 1959 r. o cmentarzach i chowaniu zmarłych (Dz. U. z 1959 r. Nr 11, poz. 62, z późn. zm.), zmarłych można pochować przez złożenie w grobach ziemnych, murowanych lub katakumbach i zatopienie w morzu. Szczątki pochodzące ze spopielenia zwłok mogą być przechowywane także w kolumbariach. W szczególnych przypadkach, gdy zgon nastąpił na okrętach będących na pełnym morzu, zwłoki wręcz powinny być pochowane przez zatopienie w morzu. Za naruszenie przepisów tej ustawy grozi kara grzywny do nawet 5 tys. złotych lub kara aresztu do 30 dni. W 2005 r. przygotowywane były przynajmniej trzy projekty nowej ustawy o cmentarzach^[1].

Obecnie polskie prawo nie zezwala na[edytuj | edytuj kod]

• przechowywanie urny z prochami w innym miejscu niż na cmentarzu (czy to w niszy urnowej, pochowanej w grobie urnowym, czy pochowanej do tradycyjnego grobu)

• rozsypywanie prochów osoby zmarłej^[2], np. na "polach pamięci" usytuowanych na cmentarzach, czy poza nimi

• rozsypywanie prochów do morza, można je jedynie w nim zatopić^{[potrzebne źródło]}.

Nie jest uregulowana jeszcze kwestia tworzenia biżuterii z prochów osoby zmarłej, jednak z formalnego punktu widzenia, zgodnie z polskim ustawodawstwem nie ma takiej możliwości, gdyż ustawa o cmentarzach i chowaniu zmarłych wymienia zamknięty katalog (numerus clausus) sposobów chowania zwłok.

DIAMONDS

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REEFS

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ECOLOGICAL FORMS OF BURIAL

Promession – actually –pigs, people in plans

Resomation - Do lata 2007 ponad 1000 ludzi w Stanach Zjednoczonych zdecydowało się na poddanie ich ciał resomacji w przyszłości^[1].

Większość źródeł uważa brytyjską firmę 'Resomation Limited' za siłę napędową tej procedury. Firma stara się opatentować proces resomacji i jest właścicielem marki handlowej słowa "Resomator".

Now we focus on the ecological burial methods, which, thanks to popularize the idea of respect for our planet are becoming more and more popular.

ECO COFFINS

As part of the eco-funeral can choose an elegant, biodegradable coffin made from recycled almond shells, or stylish model from corn starch, wicker, made of bamboo, or made from compressed paper

freeze drying- liofilizacja

chamber – komora

sieving- przesiewanie

disposal – usuwanie, pozbywanie się

lye –ług sodowy

deceased –zmarły

sanitary sewer system – kanalizacja

impurities- zanieczyszczenia

derived – pochodzące z

Casket - trumna

Vault - grobowiec

Tombstone – nagrobek

Flower wreaths- wieńce z kwiatów

Vaporization – odparowanie

Retaining – ustalające

Concrete – beton

Submersible – zatapialna

KOSZTY

Zwykły pogrzeb – PL od 5 tys zł w górę

Kremacja – 500-600 zł,

- zakład pogrzebowy, pochówek w trumnie: 3000 zł

- zakład pogrzebowy, pochówek w urnie: 2399 zł bez miejsca na cmentarzu

- zakład pogrzebowy, kremacja z urną: 3500 zł, ale z miejscem na cmentarzu

Według wykazu na stronie Open Intend w połowie 2012 działało w Polsce 16 krematoriów

Diament - At between $5,000 and $22,000, the process costs as much as some funerals.

Rafa – 3 tys dol