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PRE-RENAL

Effects of pre-renal conditions

Loss of renal function, e.g. from

hypoperfusion

Effects on other organs, e.g.

shock' liver

Renal vasculature

Hypertension Loss of renal function

Penis

Erectile dysfunction

POST-RENAL

Ureter

^jnal e.g. }. . cale lic J

from renal culus or tumour

Haematuria Loin pain renal colic'

Loss of renal function (on the side of an obstruction)

Glomerular disorders

Haematuria

Proteinuria

Oedema (nephrotic syndrome)

Hypertension

Loss of renal function

Interstitial disorders

Haematuria

Urinary retention—obstruction Infection (urethritis)*

Leucocyturia

Haematuria less than glomerular

Proteinuria J disorders

Loss of renal function—especially

tubular/medullary

Loin pain, e.g. infection—pyelonephritis

_Bladder

Haematuria

Acute retention—obstruction —suprapubic pain/discomfort —oligo/anuria Incontinence Infection (cystitis)*

•_ Prostatę

Symptoms of obstruction —hesitancy, dribbling, poor stream, frequency, urinary retention Infection (prostatitis)*

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