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present |
past |
future |
CAN/ CANNOT - umiejętność BE ABLE TO - pozwolenie
- dedukcja [can't] |
I can swim.
I can't come with you.
He can't be in Italy I saw her. |
She was able to play the violin at the age of 5.
- dedukcja; pewność She can't have written it.
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Will you be able to help me tomorrow? |
COULD/ COULDN'T - możliwość, prawdopodobieństwo, niepewność |
He could be stuck somewhere. |
- niepewność He could have had an accident.
- umiejetność I could swim when I was 10.
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MAY/ MAY NOT - możliwość, prawdopodobieństwo, niepewność |
I may not do it. |
- niepewność He may have got lost. |
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MIGHT/ MIGHT NOT - możliwość, prawdopodobieństwo, niepewność |
He might win. |
- niepewność He might have taken the bus.
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SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T - powinność
- porada |
He should arrive at 10.
You should quit smoking. |
- krytyka You should have worked harder. |
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OUGHT TO/ OUGHT NOT TO - to samo znaczenie co should; bardziej formalny język |
I think you ought to talk to him. |
- krytyka You ought to have done it better.
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MUST / HAVE TO - obowiązek - konieczność
MUSTN'T - nie wolno
DON'T HAVE TO - nie trzeba |
I must finish it today. I have to phone her.
You mustn't smoke here.
You don't have to turn on the heating, it's warm enough. |
- obowiązek He had to do it.
- dedukcja; pewność He must have left the passport at home.
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I will have to talk to him. |
Need - potrzebować |
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- brak obowiązku I didn't need to do any homework. - niepotrzebnie wykonana czynność I needn't have done any homework. |
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