F U N K C J E M I E R Z A L N E
O z n a c z e n i a i d e f i n i c j e .
F u n k c j e m i e r z a l n e w z g l e d e m - c i a l a S b e d z i e m y c z e s t o n a z y w a S - m i e r z a l n y m i . F u n k c j e ,
k t r a n i e j e s t m i e r z a l n a ( w z g l e d e m - c i a l a ) n a z y w a m y n i e m i e r z a l n a .
N i e c h ( X , S , ) b e d z i e p r z e s t r z e n i a z m i a r a , A " S o r a z W ( x ) b e d z i e f u n k c j a z d a n i o w a
( w a r u n k i e m ) o k r e [l o n a n a A . M w i m y , |e w a r u n e k W ( x ) z a c h o d z i - p r a w i e w s z e d z i e l u b
( k r t k o : - p . w . ) j e [l i ( { x " A : W ( x ) } ) = 0 . W s z c z e g l n o [c i m w i m y , |e f u n k c j e f , g :
A ! s a - p r a w i e w s z e d z i e r w n e ( f ( x ) = g ( x ) - p . w . ) j e [l i ( { x " A : f ( x ) = g ( x ) } ) =
0 o r a z , |e f j e s t - p r a w i e w s z e d z i e s k o Dc z o n a j e [l i ( { x " A : | f ( x ) | = "} ) = 0 . P r z y
u s t a l o n e j m i e r z e , m o |n a m w i p r a w i e w s z e d z i e ( p . w . ) z a m i a s t - p r a w i e w s z e d z i e
( - p . w . ) .
C i a g f u n k c j i m i e r z a l n y c h f n : A ! n a z y w a m y z b i e |n y m w e d u g m i a r y d o f u n k c j i
m i e r z a l n e j f : A ! j e |e l i d l a d o w o l n e j l i c z b y > 0
l i m ( { x " A : | f n ( x ) - f ( x ) | e" } ) = 0 .
n !"
P i s z e m y w t e d y f n ! f .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 1 . R o z w a |m y - c i a l o S = { ", ( - ", 0 ) , [ 0 , ") , } p o d z b i o r w z b i o r u .
S p r a w d z i c z y f u n k c j a f : ! j e s t S - m i e r z a l n a g d y :
( 1 ) f ( x ) = x .
( 2 ) f ( x ) = 2 .
( 3 ) f ( x ) = [ 0 , ") .
( 4 ) f ( x ) = ( 0 , ") .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 2 . Z a l |m y , |e | X | e" 2 , A " X , " = A = X o r a z S = { ", A , X \ A , X } .
Z n a l e z w s z y s t k i e f u n k c j e S - m i e r z a l n e f : X ! i w s z y s t k i e f u n k c j e S - m i e r z a l n e g : A ! .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 3 . R o z w a |m y - c i a l o S = { A " : | A | d" 5!0 (" | X \ A | d" 5!0 } p o d z b i o r w
z b i o r u . S p r a w d z i , c z y f u n k c j a f : ! j e s t S - m i e r z a l n a g d y :
( 1 ) f ( x ) = x .
( 2 ) f ( x ) = [ 0 , ") .
( 3 ) f ( x ) = .
( 4 ) f ( x ) = x .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 4 . N i e c h S = { A " : | A | d" 5!0 (" | X \ A | d" 5!0 } . Z n a l e z w s z y s t k i e f u n k c j e
S - m i e r z a l n e f : ! i w s z y s t k i e f u n k c j e S - m i e r z a l n e g : ! .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 5 . R o z w a |m y - c i a l o S = { A " : A " (" A " \ } p o d z b i o r w z b i o r u
. S p r a w d z i , c z y f u n k c j a f : ! j e s t S - m i e r z a l n a g d y :
( 1 ) f ( x ) = x .
1
F U N K C J E M I E R Z A L N E 2
( 2 ) f ( x ) = [ 0 , ") .
( 3 ) f ( x ) = .
( 4 ) f ( x ) = x .
x ; x " ,
( 5 ) f ( x ) =
0 ; x " .
/
Z a d a n i e 4 . 6 . N i e c h S = { A " : A " (" A " \ } . Z n a l e z w s z y s t k i e f u n k c j e S -
m i e r z a l n e f : ! .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 7 . N i e c h S b e d z i e - c i a l e m p o d z b i o r w X , A " S o r a z f : A ! . U d o w o d n i ,
|e :
( 1 ) R o d z i n a S A = S )" P ( A ) = { E " S : E " A } j e s t - c i a l e m p o d z b i o r w A .
( 2 ) F u n k c j a f j e s t S - m i e r z a l n a w t e d y i t y l k o w t e d y , g d y j e s t S A - m i e r z a l n a .
Z a d a n i e 4 . 8 . N i e c h S b e d z i e - c i a l e m p o d z b i o r w X , A " S . U d o w o d n i , |e j e |e l i
f : A ! j e s t f u n k c j a S - m i e r z a l n a t o :
( 1 ) { x " A : f ( x ) <