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T1IE ŚA BLEND RAS OF JAVA 83

i! is Tamil: tiru = śri, ai>d ranuvam ‘army*. It may refer to King Samaratuńga who reigned in A. D. 812-832 (Casparis 1950:1.201).

The word Bara - budur is the Tamil pudur ‘new setllement or town* (Lokesh Chandra 1980:14) and Bara is vihśra (vah3ra > va2xa > vara > bara). The Barabudur is in the village Bumisegoro (Skt. sSgarabhumi) which alludes to it as the settlement of people beyond the seas, i.e., India. A lead-bronze inscription discovered on the plain west of the Barabudur refers to a loeus on a hill of the Southern region (daksinSpathasya parwatasthale, Boechari Preluninary report on some archaeological finds around the Barabudur tempie, cyclostyled paper 1976). In Sanskrit DaksinSpalha = South India. The central image of the Buddhist vihśra at Nagapallinam was madę of solid gold. The Vaisnava saint Alvar Tirumangai wanted to renovate the Rańganiłlha tempie of Srirańgam. He hit upon the idea of robbing the Buddhist Vihfira at Nagapattinam of ils Buddha image of solid gold. In this project, an old Vaisnava lady residing at Nfigapattinam informed him: “The sthapati who madę this golden image and the vimśna under which it is enshrined lives at present in Dv!p3ntara.“ This statement was enough to send Tirumangai to DvTpfintara where he had no great difficulty in identifying the house of the celebrated artist and architect and gelting him, by a ruse, to surrender the secret of the construction of the vimSna, which enabled the Alvar to enlcr the tempie stcalthily and rcmove the golden image according to plan (Ramachandran 1954:15). The word pattinam itself denotes a settlement of sambaras, i.e., those who paid allcgiance to Buddhist monks and were rich maritime merchants. The aforesaid event attests flourishing Communications belween India and Java in the eighth century. It is likcly that the sthapati participated in or supervised the planning of the Barabudur.

XI. INSCRIPTION OF ŚRi KAHULUNNAN OF SAKA 764=A.D. 842

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This inscription has no proper name nor does it refer to the Sailendras. It has bccn associated with the Barabudur by Casparis on the basis of place names mentioned as villagcs altached to the kamulanibhumisambhira (Casparis 1.86). The meaning of kamulan is ‘tempie* and it does not refer to a building symbolising the origin of a royal dynasty. Bhumi sambhira means ‘a town of sambhara, or rich Buddhist merchants* (for dctails see Lokesh Chandra 1980: 20). The use of ca instead of śa in the first linę of the inscription in canaiścaravśra betrays a common Tamil phenomenon, where sani is cani.

Thcre were several Buddhist foundations in the area around Barabudur, and we cannot be surę of the temenos referred to in this inscription.

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Sri Kahulunnan has been rendered as ‘Her Majesty the Queen* by Casparis (1950:1.91, 83-86) Zoctmulder (Old Javanese - English Dictionary 1.650) finds the meaning problematic. In the Udyogaparva 120.25 Yudhisthira speaking to Krsna refers to Kuni? as Śri Kahulunan. SrT Kahulunnan (also spelt - nan),