RULES

3-4 short tests (10 min) - basic questions

1 absence per semester allowed

Credit - “zaliczenie” - based on the tests, participation, attendance

BOOKS:

1. Illustrated history of GB

2. History of GB as easy as pie

We don't have to know every detail, what we need is to select important information (pay special attention to the words in bold on our lecture)

ORIGIN OF CONTEMPORARY NAME OF A COUNTRY

1. Albion - albios (lat. White) - probably because of White Cliffs of Dover

2. British (Britons were Celts)

3. 15 century - England (=the land of Angles. They inhabited middle part of island)

4. Great Britain

5. The UK of GB and Ireland

6. The UK of GB and Northern Ireland

1604 - Scotland and England started have the same king -> personal union (James VI of Scotland was also James I of England)

1707 - political union, the Act of Union - Scotland and England started to have the same parliament

1801 - Ireland joined GB, Act of Union, Ireland was ruled from London. Not everybody was happy about that -> 20 century: War of Independence, Ireland was divided into 2 parts:

1. Northern Ireland - Belfast

2. The Irish Free State - Dublin (then the Republic of Ireland)

Commander - dowódca

Infantry - soldiers who fight on foot - piechota

Chariot - a horse-drawn vehicle - rydwan

Cavalry - soldiers fighting on horseback - kawaleria

Levy - a recruit - rekrut

Javelin
- a light spear - oszczep

Combat - a fight - walka

Ambush - a surprise attack from a hidden place - zasadzka

Garrison - troops stationed in a town/ fort - garnizon

Siege
- surrounding of a town/ fortress - oblężenie (miasta, twierdzy)

Raider - a person who makes a surprise attack - najeźdźca

Chieftain
- a leader of a tribe/ clan - wódz

Usurper - a leader by force - uzurpator

1. Each Roman legion had an establishment of over 5000 man, mostly heavy infantry.

2. The permanent Roman warriors were the aristocracy; they favorite weapon was the chariot.

3. The exact (dokładny, precyzyjny) status of a cavalry is uncertain: they were probably men who could provide their own horses.

4. The British army consisted mostly of levies summoned (zebranych) from the farms.

5. The Britons depended on a long slashing (tnący) sword, whereas the Roman used javelins.

6. In hand-to-hand combat (walka wręcz) the Britons were at a disadvantage faced with the armoured Romans.

7. The Celts were successful in their surprise attacks and ambushes, thus the Roman commanders aimed to (dążyć do) force them out into the open.

8. The Roman garrisons permitted permanent occupation of the British towns.

9. Some of the British Rome, there were many usurpers who had seized
   power (przejąć władzę).

HISTORIA - ĆWICZENIA - 7 October 2011

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