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© David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit

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Steve Azzara/Liaison/Getty Images

Comic actor Chris Farley died in December 1997 at the age of 33, from what the medical examiner described as “one drug binge too many.” At 5960 tall and 296 pounds, Farley was suffering from advanced heart disease when he took morphine and cocaine and accidentally died. Although no alcohol was found in his system, his liver was severely scarred by heavy drinking.

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Tim Pannell/Corbis

Substance use.

© Bill Bachmann/The Image Works

Intoxication.

Kelly-Mooney Photography/Corbis

Substance abuse.

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David H. Wells/Corbis

Physical characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome include skin folds at the corners of the eyes, low nasal bridge, short nose, groove between nose and upper lip, small head circumference, small eye opening, small midface, and thin upper lip.

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Monika Anderson/Stock Boston

Intoxication is often involved in cases of domestic violence.

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Scott Houston/Corbis

Designer drugs, especially Ecstasy, are popular among young people.

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© Savariau

For centuries, Latin Americans have chewed coca leaves to get relief from hunger and fatigue.

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Dan Gair Photographic/Index Stock Imagery/PictureQuest

Opium poppies.

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Thomas R. Fletcher/Stock Boston

Marijuana.

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AP/Wide World Photos

The proliferation of new recreational drugs such as Ecstasy inspires ever more vigilance on the part of the legal system.

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W. Perry Conway/Corbis

In many cultures, alcohol is used ceremonially.

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© James Marshall/Corbis

As the options for people to legally gamble increase, we can expect more and more individuals with symptoms of pathological gambling.

Figure 10.1  n  Ice, LSD, chocolate, TV: Is everything addictive? (From the sidebar “Is Everything Addictive?” In Health, January/February 1990. Reprinted from In Health, © 1990 by permission. For subscriptions, please call 1-800-274-2522.)

Figure 10.2  n  Easy to get hooked on, hard to get off. (From “Easy to Get Hooked On, Hard to Get Off,” In Health, November/December 1990, p. 37. Reprinted from In Health, © 1990 by permission. For subscriptions, please call 1-800-274-2522.)

Figure 10.3  n  The path traveled by alcohol throughout the body (see text for complete description).

Southern Illinois University/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Martin Rotker/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.

Figure 10.4  n  A healthy liver (left) and a cirrhotic liver scarred by years of alcohol abuse (right).

Dr. Adolf Pfefferbaum, Stanford University

Figure 10.5  n  The dark areas in the top brain images show the extensive loss of brain tissue that results from heavy alcohol use.

Figure 10.6  n  The percentages of past month alcohol use among people aged 12 to 20 by racial and ethnic groups. (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2003.)

Figure 10.7  n  Relapse rates for nicotine compared with alcohol and heroin. Smokers trying to give up cigarettes backslide about as frequently as alcoholics and heroin addicts. (Adapted from “Nicotine Becomes Addictive,” by R. Kanigel, 1988, Science Illustrated, October/November, 12-14, 19-21. Copyright © 1988 by Science Illustrated. Reprinted with permission.)

Figure 10.8  n  An integrative model of substance-related disorders.

Durand 10-1

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