Past Perfect

Czas zaprzeszły

I. Form

Tworzenie czasu

Positive

Forma twierdząca

When I arrived at the party, the president had gone.
He wasn’t hungry, he had had a meal.
My room was filthy, I had cleaned it a few weeks before.

Full form
Forma pełna

Contracted form
Forma ściągnięta

Past participle
Imiesłów czasu przeszłego

I had

I’d

gone

had
cleaned
done
been
brought

you had

you’d

he, she, it had

he’d, she’d

we had

we’d

you had

you’d

they had

they’d

Remember

Zapamiętaj

had + past participle
had + imiesłów czasu przeszłego

The past participle form is the same as for present perfect.
Forma imiesłowu czasu przeszłego tworzona jest taka sama jak dla czasu teraźniejszego dokonanego.

Negative

Forma przecząca

I was afraid because I had not flown before.
We were so happy to meet them because we hadn’t seen each other for ages.

The negative form of both regular and irregular verbs is formed with had not (or hadn’t) and the past
participle.

Forma przecząca czasowników regularnych i nieregularnych tworzona jest za pomocą operatora had
not (lub hadn’t) i imiesłowu czasu przeszłego.

Full form
Forma pełna

Contracted form
Forma ściągnięta

Past participle
Imiesłów czasu przeszłego

I had not

I hadn’t

cleaned

finished
lost
done
been
brought

you had not

you hadn’t

he, she, it had not

he, she, it hadn’t

we had not

we hadn’t

you had not

you hadn’t

they had not

they hadn’t

Remember

Zapamiętaj

had + not + past participle
had + not + imiesłów czasu przeszłego

Questions

Forma pytająca

Had Paul gone home when you arrived?
What had he done that the police arrested him?
Where had you been that your shoes were so dirty?

To make questions, we use the same auxiliary verb and change the word order in the sentence.
Do tworzenia pytao używamy tego samego operatora I zmieniamy kolejność wyrazów w zdaniu.

Question word
Zaimek pytający

Auxiliary verb
Operator

Subject
Podmiot

Past Participle
Imiesłów czasu przeszłego

Had

Paul

gone

home?

Had

she

been

to Spain?

Had

you

seen

anything interesting?

Where

had

you

been?

What

had

he

done?

Remember

Zapamiętaj

had + subject + past participle
had + podmiot + imiesłów czasu przeszłego

or
lub

had + subject + past participle
had + podmiot + imiesłów czasu przeszłego

Short answers

Krótka odpowiedź

„Had you been to London before?” “Yes, I had.”

Yes, I, you, we, they had.

No, I, you, we, they hadn’t.

Yes, he, she, it had.

No, he, she, it hadn’t.

II. Use

Użycie czasu

The past perfect tense is said used to talk about the events which took place before the starting point
of the story.
Czas zaprzeszły jest używany do mówienia o wydarzeniach, które nastąpiły przed początkiem
opowiadania.

When I got home, I realized that a thief had broken into.
I tried to get in touch with her this morning, but she had gone abroad.