VARIETIESofE: 1.national2.regional (dialects:city(urban) country(rural)3.idiolects-of1speaker4.varieties involv.interference from other l. 5.socialects 6.proffesional: jargons(connected with proffesion), restricted codes(eg.airspeak)7.styles(rigid style<->slang)and registers (formal/inform)8.dep.on medium (spoken,written, Internet)STANDvsNONSTdialect:grammatical&lexical features accent:pronunciation received pronunciation: model of E only in England ANALIZINGVARIETIES: 1.macrostructure(layout, photos,graphs)2.structure (sentence,passive,tenses) 3.lexical(jargons,archaic, slang expr 4.spelling&punctutation 5.extra-lingustic feature(borrowingfromother L)LANGUAGE CONTINUUM: a dialect ofE but standard another L(eg.Scottish) STYLE:rigid->informal->colloquial->slang INTERCIRCLE:Euse as a nativeL OUTERCIRCLE:Eas2ndL EXPANDINGCIRCLE:Eas foreign(internationalE) BrE->EE,ScE,WE,IrE 1607-JohnSmith->Jamestown (Virginia) 1620-“May flower”-NewEngland(Mass)1624-Dutch-NewAmsterdam->1664New Zeland1650's-Scandinavious+Germans+French 1500s'-Spanich 1787-Constitution ,Americanism,NoahWebster:spelling book, A grammatical Institute of E, American Spelling Book (1758-1845)1840s-immigrate from Ireland&Germany; slang&jargons 1860s'-development in science and technology
M.Twain”TheHuckleberryFinn”-am.colloquiallE used1st by Twain- BlackEnglishVelnacular. ChicanoEnglish-Spanish speaking immigrants in NewMexico.Italian immigrant in half of the 19thc. Yiddish influence bu judes immigrants,beginning of 20thc scientifi discoverie in Lang.H.L. Mencken - a journalist who wrote the 1st description of “theAmLang. After WWI-Europe:during war the Am.troops came to eur so the europeans could hear AmE for the 1st time,many Am.cames to France, JazzMusicans&First Am Movies.After WWII-World:expansion of AmE all over the wlrd(holl.movies,singers,rock&roll),Am.culture dominates(internet-mail not post).Problems AmEvsBrE:AmE-congress/BrE-parliament,AmE-senator/BrE-Lord,AmE-lawyer/BrE-solicitor.Synonyms:AmE-candy/BrE-sweet,AmE-carryall/BrE-holdall.Synonyms(preferable words)-AmE-baggage/BrE-luggage,AmE-sweater/BrE-jumper,AmE-mail,BrE-post. 1. Suffixes:Br:-our Am:-or/Br:ence Am:-en/Br:fulfil,skilful Am:fulfill,skillfull/ Br:oe,ae (encyclopaedia) Am:e (encyclopedia)/ Br:-ise,-ise,-isation Am:-ize,-ization/ Br: draught Am:draft 2. Diff. inSyntax: B:Have You Got? Am:Did You Have? B:DontLetsDoIt Am:Lets Not Do It B:Go & See Him Am:Go See Him B:Help To DoSth Am: Help Sb DoSth B:IWant TheConf. ToBeHeld Am: Iwant the Conf.Held B: different From Am: different Than 3. legalEnglish: doublets & triplets, no abbrev!
Hereof-mniejszy hereby- wTen Sposób herein- wDalszym Ciągu legalese- jargon which is made of diff.words hard to underst. ENG IN RELIGION:shifts in sent order, archaic vocab, prepositions,use of prophetiAmE-BrE : ax/axe axe, baggage luggage, baptize baptize/ise,bathtub bath,behavior behavior, canceling cancelling,can tin,candy sweets,caryyall holdall,casket coffin, catalog catalogue,center centre,check cheque,color colour,commuter season ticket holder, conductor guard,curb kerb,criticize criticize/ise,defense defence, dialog dialogue,diaper nappy,divided highway dual,carriageway,draft draught, drugstore chemist`s,elevator lift,engineer driver,favor favour,freight goods,gage gauge,gas, gasoline petrol, gearshift gear lever,gray grey, hood bonnet, holdall carryall,humor humour,ice cream ice, kilometer kilometer,labor labour,license licence,license plate number plate, line queue,liter litre,mail post, mold mould, muffler silencer, one-way ticket single ticket,overpass flyover, pajamas pyjamas, phonograph gramophone,programing programming, radio wireless, round-tripticket return ticket,rubber eraser,skeptical skeptical, story storey, subway underground, sweater jumper,theater theatre,tire tyre,track line,traveling travelling,truck lorry
VARIETIESofE: 1.national2.regional (dialects:city(urban) country(rural)3.idiolects-of1speaker4.varieties involv.interference from other l. 5.socialects 6.proffesional: jargons(connected with proffesion), restricted codes(eg.airspeak)7.styles(rigid style<->slang)and registers (formal/inform)8.dep.on medium (spoken,written, Internet)STANDvsNONSTdialect:grammatical&lexical features accent:pronunciation received pronunciation: model of E only in England ANALIZINGVARIETIES: 1.macrostructure(layout, photos,graphs)2.structure (sentence,passive,tenses) 3.lexical(jargons,archaic, slang expr 4.spelling&punctutation 5.extra-lingustic feature(borrowingfromother L)LANGUAGE CONTINUUM: a dialect ofE but standard another L(eg.Scottish) STYLE:rigid->informal->colloquial->slang INTERCIRCLE:Euse as a nativeL OUTERCIRCLE:Eas2ndL EXPANDINGCIRCLE:Eas foreign(internationalE) BrE->EE,ScE,WE,IrE 1607-JohnSmith->Jamestown (Virginia) 1620-“May flower”-NewEngland(Mass)1624-Dutch-NewAmsterdam->1664New Zeland1650's-Scandinavious+Germans+French 1500s'-Spanich 1787-Constitution ,Americanism,NoahWebster:spelling book, A grammatical Institute of E, American Spelling Book (1758-1845)1840s-immigrate from Ireland&Germany; slang&jargons 1860s'-development in science and technology
M.Twain”TheHuckleberryFinn”-am.colloquiallE used1st by Twain- BlackEnglishVelnacular. ChicanoEnglish-Spanish speaking immigrants in NewMexico.Italian immigrant in half of the 19thc. Yiddish influence bu judes immigrants,beginning of 20thc scientifi discoverie in Lang.H.L. Mencken - a journalist who wrote the 1st description of “theAmLang. After WWI-Europe:during war the Am.troops came to eur so the europeans could hear AmE for the 1st time,many Am.cames to France, JazzMusicans&First Am Movies.After WWII-World:expansion of AmE all over the wlrd(holl.movies,singers,rock&roll),Am.culture dominates(internet-mail not post).Problems AmEvsBrE:AmE-congress/BrE-parliament,AmE-senator/BrE-Lord,AmE-lawyer/BrE-solicitor.Synonyms:AmE-candy/BrE-sweet,AmE-carryall/BrE-holdall.Synonyms(preferable words)-AmE-baggage/BrE-luggage,AmE-sweater/BrE-jumper,AmE-mail,BrE-post. 1. Suffixes:Br:-our Am:-or/Br:ence Am:-en/Br:fulfil,skilful Am:fulfill,skillfull/ Br:oe,ae (encyclopaedia) Am:e (encyclopedia)/ Br:-ise,-ise,-isation Am:-ize,-ization/ Br: draught Am:draft 2. Diff. inSyntax: B:Have You Got? Am:Did You Have? B:DontLetsDoIt Am:Lets Not Do It B:Go & See Him Am:Go See Him B:Help To DoSth Am: Help Sb DoSth B:IWant TheConf. ToBeHeld Am: Iwant the Conf.Held B: different From Am: different Than 3. legalEnglish: doublets & triplets, no abbrev!
Hereof-mniejszy hereby- wTen Sposób herein- wDalszym Ciągu legalese- jargon which is made of diff.words hard to underst. ENG IN RELIGION:shifts in sent order, archaic vocab, prepositions,use of prophetiAmE-BrE : ax/axe axe, baggage luggage, baptize baptize/ise,bathtub bath,behavior behavior, canceling cancelling,can tin,candy sweets,caryyall holdall,casket coffin, catalog catalogue,center centre,check cheque,color colour,commuter season ticket holder, conductor guard,curb kerb,criticize criticize/ise,defense defence, dialog dialogue,diaper nappy,divided highway dual,carriageway,draft draught, drugstore chemist`s,elevator lift,engineer driver,favor favour,freight goods,gage gauge,gas, gasoline petrol, gearshift gear lever,gray grey, hood bonnet, holdall carryall,humor humour,ice cream ice, kilometer kilometer,labor labour,license licence,license plate number plate, line queue,liter litre,mail post, mold mould, muffler silencer, one-way ticket single ticket,overpass flyover, pajamas pyjamas, phonograph gramophone,programing programming, radio wireless, round-tripticket return ticket,rubber eraser,skeptical skeptical, story storey, subway underground, sweater jumper,theater theatre,tire tyre,track line,traveling travelling,truck lorry