WHEN TEACH VOCAB - when presenting new topic, text - when asked by students (unplanned)
PRE-TEACHING
For: attention not distracted when new words crop up.
Against: no opportunity for guessing meaning from the text 8-12.
SELECT VOCAB CRITERIA:
Appropriateness: according to students lev. concrete=lower, abstract=higher.
Frequency: choose more often used words.
Coverage: more than one meaning.
Expediency: suitability or uselessness.
Other: students wants, needs, interests, teachability.
WORD - AMMOUNT OF INFORMATION
Meaning: in context, sense relations-relations to other words[*polysemy-diff word close meaning, *synonymy-items with a.same meaning,*antonyms-opposite items,*homonymy-diff meanings one word,
*hyponyms-specific examples of general concept,*superordinates-general concept covers specific item,*co-hyponyms-co-ordinates-other items that are the same kind of things].
Use:(what word refers into real world) metaphor, idiom[images that extend our range of expressions], collocation[words that go together], style & register[words used only in certain topical or social context],connotation[positive or negative feelings],cliché[often used irritative expression]
Information: parts of speech[context needed to identyfy], prefixes & suffixes[changing parts of speech]spelling & pronunciation[phonetic representation, choral & ind. Repetition, visual representation, phonetic symbols, graphic representation],
Grammar: nouns c&u, verb complementation, patterns, phrasal verb, adj&adv possitions.
ELSE: storage[separate notebook for vocab, semantically related groups, associations, diagrams], dictionary skills[bilingual-not sufficient info. monolingual-whole profile of word]
SELECTING VOCAB - active(productive) students use words in writing and speaking,
passive(receptive) students recognise words from reading speaking,
throw away vocab-words you don't want students remember.
VOCAB BASED LESSON - 1.lead-in, 2.presentation(alter reading/listening)- presentation of vocab, task r/l, alter words, 3.understanding check, 4.practise(interaction with words), 5.exploration-synonyms, antonyms, lexical sets, 6.testing
|
VOCABULARY - items we teach in foreign lg, words, multi-w, idioms, fixed expressions.
COBULID - cb BirminghamUni used design learners dictionary, vocab base, course books, vocab based syllables. To find witch words used more often they need to feed in enough texts.
PRESENTATION - 1.visual aids(realia, pictures, flashcards,video), sound tapes, gestures, miming 2.explanation(definitions,synonyms,antonyms,examples,enumeration) 3.translation(easiest, quick) 4.discovery techniques[students work out meanings on their own](matching, particularising/mind maps/, guessing the meaning from the context, ordering/putting in order/, filling gaps)
INTERACTION WITH WORDS - best remember when done sth with word or personalization 1.games and puzzles(gaps,bingo,odd-one-out) 2.writing text with new word 3.writing opposites 4.ordering things 5.association 6.categorising 7.making noun or adj
IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING-better results when words clear easy comprehensible meaning, words linked witch each other. Better to teach in separated spaced sessions(back same vocab many times)
TESTING VOCAB
1.Multiple choice denotative meaning +quick and easy -doesn't test conotations, spelling, pron, grammar, time consuming, 25%chance
2.Matching meaning +quick easy to compose -last option obvious
3.Odd one out meaning +interesting, easy to work -not sure all items known
4.Writing sentences most aspects, not spell and pron +check knowledge well -borring, difficult to mark
5.Dictation recognition and spelling +easy to administer and check -don't test meaning, difficult with unknown words
6.Dictation-translation meaning and spell +quick, easy to check -mother-tongue translation misleading
7.Gap-filling meaning, spell some grammar & collocation +range of skills tested -testee can use acceptable items
8.GF with pool answers meaning some grammar and collocation +easier to do and mark than GF - testee can use acceptable items.
9. Translation all aspect of item -difficult to find exact equivalents between lgs., tricky to mark
10.Sentence completion denotative meaning +interesting to read and do, personalize
|
|