I osady z HCl - Ag 2+ Hg+ Pb+

II z H2S w sr kw Cu 2+ Hg 2+

III z (NH4)2S - Fe 3+ Al. 3+ Zn 2+

IV z (NH4)2 CO3 - Ca 2+ Ba 2+

V bez NH4+ Mg 2+ K+ Na+

Aniony z Ag+ (AgNO3) Ba+ ( Ba ( NO3) 2 rozp powastalych osadow w HNO3

K= H+ razy OH- / h2o= 1.8* 10-16

K h2o= H+ OH-

Kh2o= 1.8 *10-16 mol/dm * 55,56 mol/dm= 10-14= H oh

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