GRAMMAR
-ING FORMS
We use -ing forms (also known as gerunds):
As a noun after a preposition (on, at, in, to etc) I'm interested in applying for the job.
As a noun as the subject of a clause or sentence. Eating is my hobby.
As a noun after certain verbs (see below). Let's go fishing.
As a noun as the object of a clause or sentence. I like swimming.
Verbs which are followed by -ing:
admit keep dislike
suggest avoid dread*
mind bored of endure
no use can't stand enjoy
no point celebrate worth
finish practise consider
go fancy imagine
mention miss propose
risk
*There is one exception = dread to think
Practice 1
Think about the above information and use your own ideas to complete the sentences:
Mum! He keeps ............................ me!
.................... is a very interesting hobby.
Are you interested in .............................?
He admitted ............................. the car and they sent him to prison.
Hermann suggested ........................ to the cinema to see that new film.
I can't stand ................................
I'm bored of ................................. Let's go out.
.................... chocolate is my favourite activity.
Can you imagine .......................... very rich?
I must finish ........................ this essay before I eat lunch.
Practice 2
Decide if you should use an infinitive (see lesson 14) or an -ing form to complete these sentences:
I dislike you .................................................. (play) your guitar so loud.
I think he's very unhappy about ................................. (be) in the army.
Put some sugar in the cake ..................................... (make) it more sweet.
I can't go to the pub tonight: I've got something ................................. (do).
I just can't stop ............................ (dance)! I am a disco queen!
Do you think you could stop him ..................... (leave) his dirty socks around.
Hermann confessed to ............................................. (steal) the cosmetics.
John's .................. (dance) looks like a monkey on fire! Have you seen him?
Why don't you consider .................................. (go) on a trip to Borneo?
It's not worth ................................ (give) him a present. Forget him!
He succeeded in ............................. (pass) his driving test.
George is keen on ............................. (swim).
VOCABULARY
LINKING WORDS
Adding Information
In addition
Moreover
Furthermore
Contrast
But
However
On the other hand
Concession*
Despite + noun
In spite of + noun
Although + verb
*Concession is when you contrast something but you also accept that something else is true (a kind of paradox - see examples below)
Examples
He is intelligent, generous and kind. Moreover, he likes animals.
I like sports, but I don't like tennis.
That cinema is very comfortable. However, it is also expensive.
Despite the rain, we went on a picnic (It rained, but we went anyway)
Although he smokes, he is healthy. (He shouldn't be healthy, but he is)
I like travelling. On the other hand, I am most happy at home.
UWAGA Concession clauses can be used at the beginning or the end of the sentence:
Although I don't like fish, I do like fish soup.
I do like fish soup, although I don't like fish.
Practice 1
Use one of the words or phrases from above to complete the sentences:
..................... being very tall, he is not good at basketball.
The shop sells everything you need. .........................., it's cheap and near to home.
I would like to buy some chocolate, .................... I haven't got any money.
.......................... he is very fat, he can run quickly.
Photography is an interesting hobby. ................................, it is quite expensive.
MONEY
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Phrases
deposit cheque rich sign a cheque/pay by cheque
borrow account poor pay money into an account
lend loan generous take out a loan/borrow money
save interest bankrupt to go bankrupt
owe credit card expensive pay by credit card
spend receipt cheap to spend all one money
earn salary gross/net how much do you earn?
withdraw wage mean to withdraw money
income
UWAGA Lend and borrow are often confused. When you lend something, you give it to someone; when you borrow something, you take it from someone. The use is also different:
RIGHT: Could you lend me some money?
RIGHT: Could I borrow some money from you?
WRONG: Could you borrow me some money?
Practice 1
Choose a suitable word or phrase from above to complete the sentences:
I'd like to ................... some money in my bank account.
His ........................ is $1000 dollars per year.
How much money do I .................. you? I will give it you now.
The amount of money you get after you pay tax in your ................ income.
I haven't got any cash. Can I pay ...........................................?
The company lost all of its money and went ......................
He's so ................... that he can afford to buy anything.
This shop is very ............................. It's $500 for a chocolate bar!
I've got no money. Can I ....................... some from you?
I have ........................................... and now I've got nothing.
Vocabulary from the unit:
account - rachunek
admit - dopuścić, przyznać, zezwolić
although - chociaż, mimo że
apply for a job - ubiegać się o pracę
avoid - unikać
bankrupt - bankrut, zbankrutowany
be bored - nudzić się
be keen on - przepadać za kimś/czymś
borrow - pożyczać od kogoś
borrow money - pożyczać pieniądze
can't stand - nie móc znieść
celebrate - świętować
cheque - czek
confess - wyznawać, przyznawać się
consider - rozpatrywać, rozważać
credit card - karta kredytowa
deposit - depozyt, deponować
despite - mimo, wbrew
dread - bać się
earn - zarabiać
endure - znosić, wytrzymywać, cierpieć
exception - wyjątek
fancy - wyobrażać sobie, upodobać sobie
furthermore - co więcej, ponadto
generous - hojny, szczodry
gross/net - brutto/netto
how much do you earn? - ile zarabiasz?
however - natomiast, jakkolwiek
in addition - dodatkowo
in spite of - pomimo czegoś
income - dochód
interest - zysk, stopa procentowa
keep - trzymać
lend - pożyczać komuś
loan - pożyczka
mean - skąpy
mention - nadmieniać, wspominać
moreover - co więcej, ponadto
on the other hand - z drugiej strony
owe - być winnym
pay by cheque - płacić czekiem
pay by credit card - płacić kartą kredytową
pay money into an account - wpłacać pieniądze na rachunek/konto
propose - proponować
receipt - pokwitowanie
risk - ryzyko, ryzykować
salary - pensja
save - oszczędzać
sign a cheque - podpisać czek
spend - wydawać pieniądze
succeed - z powodzeniem coś robić
to go bankrupt - zbankrutować
to withdraw money - podejmować pieniądze
wage - zarobek, płaca
withdraw - cofać, zabierać, podejmować
worth - wart
LESSON 15 - answer key
GRAMMAR
Practice 1
Suggestions:
Mum! He keeps hitting me!
Swimming is a very interesting hobby.
Are you interested in shopping?
He admitted stealing the car and they sent him to prison.
Hermann suggested going to the cinema to see that new film.
I can't stand smelling socks.
I'm bored of studying. Let's go out.
Eating chocolate is my favourite activity.
Can you imagine being very rich?
I must finish writing this essay before I eat lunch.
Practice 2
I dislike you playing (play) your guitar so loud.
I think he's very unhappy about being (be) in the army.
Put some sugar in the cake to make (make) it more sweet.
I can't go to the pub tonight: I've got something to do (do).
I just can't stop dancing (dance)! I am a disco queen!
Do you think you could stop him leaving (leave) his dirty socks around.
Hermann confessed to stealing (steal) the cosmetics.
John's dancing (dance) looks like a monkey on fire! Have you seen him?
Why don't you consider going (go) on a trip to Borneo?
It's not worth giving (give) him a present. Forget him!
He succeeded in passing (pass) his driving test.
George is keen on swimming (swim).
VOCABULARY
LINKING WORDS
Practice 1
Despite / In spite of being very tall, he is not good at basketball.
The shop sells everything you need. Moreover / In addition / Furthermore, it's cheap and near to home.
I would like to buy some chocolate, but I haven't got any money.
Although he is very fat, he can run quickly.
Photography is an interesting hobby. However / On the other hand, it is quite expensive.
MONEY
Practice 1
I'd like to deposit some money in my bank account.
His salary is $1000 dollars per year.
How much money do I owe you? I will give it you now.
The amount of money you get after you pay tax in your net income.
I haven't got any cash. Can I pay by cheque?
The company lost all of its money and went bankrupt.
He's so rich that he can afford to buy anything.
This shop is very expensive. It's $500 for a chocolate bar!
I've got no money. Can I borrow some from you?
I have gone bankrupt and now I've got nothing.