GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS (2)

Can

Positive Negative

I can run quickly I can't run quickly.

He/she can run quickly. He/She can't swim quickly.

We/they can swim quickly. We/You/they can't swim quickly.

Questions Short answers

Can you run quickly? Yes, I can. // No, I can't.

Can he/she run quickly? Yes, he/she can. // Not, he/she can't.

We use can to express ability and permission:

I can eat five hamburgers in one minute (ability - I am able to do this)

Can you eat five hamburgers in one minute? (are you able to do this?)

Can I borrow the car/ Yes, you can. (permission will you let me borrow it?)

UWAGA The past form of can is could, but be careful because we can only use could with general ability, not a specific action:

Right: I could swim very well when I was young. (a general habit)

Wrong: I could eat a whole cake when I was young. (specific action)

Right: I was able to eat a whole cake when I was young.

Practice 1

Use can to respond to these sentences:

1. Have you got any special talents?

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2. I haven't got a pen.

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3. Can you put your feet behind your ears?

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4. How strong are you?

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5. Did you have any special talents when you were younger?

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Practice 2 (REVISION): MODAL VERBS

Use must, have (got) to, should or can to complete these sentences:

1. You ........................ park cars outside the school. It is forbidden.

2. I told Hermann that he ............................ smoke. It's very unhealthy.

3. Maria ................ run 100 meters in 10 seconds.

4. John ........................... pass his exams with an A if he wants to go to university.

5. ........................ I go to France or Germany for my holidays?

VOCABULARY

SUGGESTIONS, ADVICE, WARNINGS

Practice 1

Look at the following tenses. They show different ways of expressing suggestions, advice or warnings:

1. Don't put your finger in the fire.

2. You should help your friend with his homework.

3. Why not go to Bangladesh for your summer holidays this year?

4. What/how about eating more healthy food? Then you would lose weight.

5. You (really) must see that new film; it's great!

6. We could try singing some songs. That would be fun, wouldn't it!

7. Let's go to the pub tonight!

8. I (don't) think your cat likes being in the washing machine.

9. Shall we go to a restaurant?

The forms are:

Do/don't do (imperative) Eat this cake; it's delicious

Should do/shouldn't do You shouldn't kick your cat

Why not + bare infinitive Why not go to Iran?

What/how about + -ing How about visiting the museum

Must/mustn't You mustn't forget to buy flowers

Could + bare infinitive We could go to a pub

Let's + bare infinitive Let's visit Hermann

I (don't) think I think it's a great idea

Shall + object + bare infinitive Shall we buy present?

Practice 2

Offer some suggestions, advice or a warning in response to these sentences:

1. "Should I wear the miniskirt or the leather trousers?"

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2. "I'm bored. What can we do?"

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3. "What should I buy for Matt's birthday this year?"

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4. Your friend is trying to decide if he should join a new karate class.

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5. You think it very important that your friend buys a new CD.

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PREPOSITIONS

Practice 1

Choose a suitable preposition to complete the sentences

for

on

of

with

at

to

from

with

about

1. I am not very keen ________ tennis. What about you?

2. Do you ever dream ________ vampires?

3. I have spent three hours searching _______ my keys. Have you seen them?

4. This vase is made ________ very fragile glass. Be careful _____ it.

5. Can I borrow some money ______ you?

6. How was Brazil? Tell me everything _________ your holiday.

7. I haven't got the book. I lent it _______ John last week.

8. He never laughs __________ my jokes. He's got no sense ______ humour.

9. That smell reminds me ________ my schooldays.

10. I am not satisfied ______ your work. You must try harder.

Vocabulary from the unit:

ability - umiejętność, zdolność

be able - potrafić, być w stanie

be keen on - przepadać za czymś

borrow - pożyczać od kogoś

forbidden - zabronione

in response to - w odpowiedzi na

kick - kopać

laugh at - śmiać się z

leather - skóra (wyprawiona)

lend - pożyczać komuś

lose weight - chudnąć

permission - pozwolenie

remind of - przypominać o

satisfied with - zadowolony z czegoś

search for - szukać czegoś

specific action - ściśle określony czyn

talent - talent, uzdolnienie

vampire - wampir

warning - ostrzeżenie

LESSON 11 - answer key

GRAMMAR

Practice 1

Suggestions:

1. Have you got any special talents?

Yes, I can run quickly.

2. I haven't got a pen.

Can you give me one?

3. Can you put your feet behind your ears?

Yes, I can.

4. How strong are you?

I can lift a car.

5. Did you have any special talents when you were younger?

I could eat 50 cakes.

Practice 2 (REVISION): MODAL VERBS

1. You mustn't park cars outside the school. It is forbidden.

2. I told Hermann that he shouldn't smoke. It's very unhealthy.

3. Maria can run 100 meters in 10 seconds.

4. John has to/must pass his exams with an A if he wants to go to university.

5. Should I go to France or Germany for my holidays?

VOCABULARY

SUGGESTIONS, ADVICE, WARNINGS

Practice 2

Suggestions:

1. "Should I wear the miniskirt or the leather trousers?"

You should wear the mini.

2. "I'm bored. What can we do?"

Let's go to the pub.

3. "What should I buy for Matt's birthday this year?"

Why not buy a car?

4. Your friend is trying to decide if he should join a new karate class.

I think it's a good idea.

5. You think it's very important that your friend buys a new CD.

You must buy this new CD.

PREPOSITIONS

Practice 1

1. I am not very keen on tennis. What about you?

2. Do you ever dream about vampires?

3. I have spent three hours searching for my keys. Have you seen them?

4. This vase is made of very fragile glass. Be careful with it.

5. Can I borrow some money from you?

6. How was Brazil? Tell me everything about your holiday.

7. I haven't got the book. I lent it to John last week.

8. He never laughs at my jokes. He's got no sense of humour.

9. That smell reminds me of my schooldays.

10. I am not satisfied with your work. You must try harder.

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