1. Logistics is the management of the procurement and movement of goods and storage of inventory. Also it’s the planning, control and support of operations such as warehousing, inventory, transport, procurement, supply and maintenance. It consists of operations in warehouse such as: receiving goods, storage of goods and delivering goods. Transport is the moving of goods or people from one place to another by using air, rail or road.

2. Jobs: carrier- it’s a company that transport or conveys good; freight forwarder- is a person that arranges documentation and travel facilities for companies dispatching goods to customers; supplier- is a company which supplies parts or services to another company; haulier- is a company which like a carrier transport goods but the difference between them is that haulier only carries goods by road and carrier uses all kind of transportation. Also similar to this two jobs is courier which specializes in the speedy and secure delivery. However the courier delivers small goods and packages. Another job which is connected to logistics is warehouse manager. His main point of work is liaison with departments of transport and production. Apart from that he needs to ensure that equipment are maintained to high level.

3. Skróty: FCL-full container load-it’s an industry term for cargo shipped in a standard (twenty or forty foot) container to one consignee

3PL-third party logistics-a situation in which a firm with long and complex supply chains outsources its logistical operations to one or more specialist firms the third party logistics providers

HGV- heavy goods vehicle- a large lorry used for carrying big loads

DC-distribution centre- a facility that’s which is used for receipt, temporary storage, and redistribution of goods according to the customer orders as they are received

LCL- less than container load- a shipping term for cargo that’s too small either in quantity or in weight to qualify for the freight rates applied to a standard shipping container

EDI- electronic data interchange-the electronic communication of business transactions, such as orders, confirmations, bills of landing and invoices between organizations

VAS- value-added services-extra services which complete and enhance correct services such as warehousing, transportation or distribution

RFID- radio frequency identification-automatic identification of packages, products, machinery through attached transponders

ISO- international standards organization-an international institution which promotes standardization and related activities to facilitate international trade in goods and service and cooperation in economic and technological areas

GPS- global positioning system- a system of 21 US satellites that can provide exact location of objects on earth

B/L-bill of landing

D/P-document against payment

EXW- ex works- the buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller’s premises to the desired destination

CIF- cost insurance freight- the price invoiced by a seller includes insurance and all other charges up to the named port of destination

AWB- air waybill

IMO- international money order- a money order in a foreign currency which is payable to someone living in a foreign country

B/E- bill of exchange- written order that binds one party to pay fixed sum of money to another party at predetermined future date

L/C- letter of credit

1. transshipment- loading goods from one means of carriage onto another

break bulk- packaging goods in small, separable units

cross-docking- direct flow of goods from receipt at warehouse to shipping, bypassing storage

order picking- selecting and assembling items for stock for shipments

reverse logistics- collecting and handling of used or damaged goods

tracking and tracing- locating items in transit

warehousing- receiving and storing goods

collection- picking up goods at a named place

1. Outsourcing- contracting functions out to the third party providers. The companies outsource many logistics operations such as: forwarding, transportation, warehousing and distribution. That’s why many third-party logistics providers now offer not only one service but a wide range of logistics solutions. They also provide value –added services for their customers. Companies choose outsourcing to make their logistics operations more efficient.

2. CRP- That means continuous replenishment. It’s used to lower inventory and operational costs and to shorten product lead times. It’s a sales-based ordering system. Fist the system is activated at the point of sale in the retail store. Than the sales information is transferred to the CRP computer system where orders are generated based on data received from cash register. After that orders are sent to warehouse where they are processed. And finally the goods are delivered to the retailer.

3. Obrazki(brałam z wiki definicje więc mogą byc złe)

swap-body-is a standard freight container for road and rail transport.

container ship-is a cargo ship that carry all of his load in containers

grappler lift-is a vehicle used for stacking and moving ISO containers

road-railer trailer- is a trailer that’s specially equipped for use in railroad intermodal service

river barge-is a flat-bottomed boat, built for river transport of heavy goods

LGV (large goods vehicle)- truck with a gross combination mass of over 3,500 kilograms. It’s used for transport large goods

gantry crane-it’s used for loading and unloading containers from ships onto trucks or rail wagons.

ISO container- a rigid box made of steel which is used in intermodal freight transport. (It’s made to the specifications of International Standards Organization)

reach stacker- a kind of fork lift truck used in container handling(it’s used for lifting containers and piling the on top of each other)

transtainer- it’s a device which is used for transferring swap-bodies and containers from rail wagons to truck. It’s able to handle very heavy goods.

bale- large package of presspacked goods which is tightly bound, wrapped

chest- sturdy box which is used for storage

barrel- large cylindrical container is used for liquids (it’s made of wood)

drum- cylindrical metal container for liquids

crate- wooden box is used for packaging goods

hand pallet-truck- it’s tool used to lift and move pallets

tote bin- is a pallet-size box used for storage and shipping of bulk quantities

fork-lift truck- truck used to lift and transport materials. it’s used for manufacturing and warehousing operations

roll-cage pallet-

pallet- is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, hand pallet-truck or other device (pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies)

trolley- is an box-moving handcart; it makes bulky and heavy objects easier to move

1. Differences between block train and single-wagon

A block train is when a single shipper uses a whole train which is run directly from the loading point to the destination. A single-wagon is when train is formed out of individual wagons or sets of wagons which have different origins and different destination.

1. Kryteria o wyborze transport (trzeba by było jeszcze porównac transport by air, sea and pipeline,ale mi się już nie chciało)

Speed in days

Cost

Flexibility

River barge is the slowest.(It can be longer when the weather’s bad). But it’s the cheapest of all transport options. However it’s not very flexible because there are only infrequent sailings.

Transport by road is speeder than barge but it’s more expensive. However it has a high flexibility.

Rail is the speediest especially when you use the express service. But it’s the most expensive. And the system isn’t very flexible.

1. Type of container

general purpose-it’s used in transportation of dry cargo

reefer-it’s used for delicate cargo and perishables(meat, fresh produce, dairy products, seafood, chilled foodstuffs) because it’s temperature-controlled.

tanktainer-it’s used in shipping liquids and chemicals e.g alcohol, crude oil

open top-it’s used in transportation of bulky cargo. it has pvc tarpaulin cover thanks to that we can load bulky cargo from the top

flat-rack container- it’s used for heavy machinery(tractors) and pipes

1. Describing container

type of container, tare weight, gross weight, maximum payload, length, width, height,

1. Labels (wzięte z mojej prezentacji :P)

• Fragile: The symbol should be applied to easily broken cargoes.

• This side up: The package must always be transported, handled and stored in such a way that the arrows always point upwards.

• Stay away from heat: it must be kept away from additional sources of heat.

• Keep dry : Cargoes must be protected from excessive humidity and must accordingly be stored under cover.

• use no hooks: cargoes can’t be lifted by hooks

• do not stack:

• explosive: cargoes should be treated with care because if mistreated it might explode

• toxic: (Chemicals that at very low levels cause damage to health.)

1. Warehousing today

The role and design of the warehouse have radically changed. Today warehouses are equipped with warehouse management system (WMS), which automate the product flow throughout the warehouse and maximize the use of warehouse space (through effective picking methods, location consolidation and cross docking). Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems involves high-racking storage with a machine operating within the aisles. These system can pick and perform inventory checks without a human operator. Conveyor belts links the different area of the warehouse and carry the goods. The barcode labels and RFID provides specific information about the product which can be transferred to a computer system and we can quickly locate item’s position in the warehouse.

1. Documents

Commercial invoice- a document that contains specific information regarding the goods shipped and the conditions agreed between buyer and seller

certificate of origin- document which states where the goods were produced

packaging list- document which specifies the contents of any form of packaging (without indicating the value of the goods shipped)

air waybill- a contract between airline and shipper which states the terms and conditions of carriage

consular invoice- a kind of invoice sometimes required by the importing country(it needs to be approved by embassy)

pro forma invoice- a draft invoice which seller prepares before the actual shipment takes place

export licence- a document which is granted by a government authority and states that specified goods can be exported

customs invoice- documents required by customs in some countries when importing goods

dangerous goods declaration- certificate prepared by the shipper which states that hazardous goods are handled according to international shipping regulations

bill of landing- contract between carrier and shipper which specifies the goods to be shipped and delivery terms.

1. Payment methods

advance payment- customer has to pay for the goods before they are shipped

cash on delivery- customer pays immediately on receiving the goods

open account- the exporter supplies the goods and the importer pays for them at agreed date in the future

document against payment- exporter has full control over the documents until payment has been made by the importer

documentary credit- it’s a promise by the opening bank that payment will be made on receiving documents that comply with terms agreed

bank guarantee- used to cover financial risk in international transactions

1. Supply chain

The movement of materials as they flow from their source-supplier to the end- to the customer.

1. Just-in-time, lean manufacturing, low-cost country sourcing

JIT- a system especially for manufacturing where things are done, supplied or made only when they are needed

LM-a method of production that aims to cut costs by producing only the quantity of goods that has been ordered and by reducing the amount of time and space that the production process uses

l-c cs- the activity of finding and buying materials, parts of products from areas of the world where manufacturing costs are lower.