JOLANTA CIEŚLA Rzeszów, 07.06.2014r.
JERZY HOWICKI
ADAM KOKOT
ZBIGNIEW WDOWIAK
ET-DI
L3
Laboratorium z Projektowania Układów (CAD)
Modulator FM
Źródło VSFFM.
Program PSpice umożliwia wstawienie gotowego elementu, jako modulator FM. Źródło to nazywa
się VSFFM (Frequency Modulated Sinusoidal Voltage Source Model).
Schemat zastępczy symulowanego elementu.
Wyniki symulacji.
analiza czasowa
Nastawy źródła:
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 5 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 1 | 100k | 5 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 2 | 100k | 5 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 200k | 5 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 2 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 5 | 5k |
Przebiegi czasowe w małym stopniu pokazują modulację FM. Aby ją lepiej zaobserwować stosuje
się analizę widma poprzez szybką transformatę Fouriera (FFT – Fast Fourier Transform).
Analiza FFT
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 2 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 200k | 2 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 2 | 20k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 200k | 2 | 20k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 1 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 2.4 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 3 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 4 | 10k |
VOFF | VAMPL | FC | MOD | FM |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 100k | 5 | 10k |
Netlista.
* Schematics Netlist *
R_R1 $N_0001 0 1
V_V1 $N_0001 0
+SFFM 0 1 100k 5 10k
Zawartość pliku .out.
**** 06/02/14 20:06:59 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* C:\Users\ADAM\Desktop\CAD\vsffm\vsffm.sch
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
******************************************************************************
* Schematics Version 9.1 - Web Update 1
* Mon Jun 02 20:06:57 2014
** Analysis setup **
.tran 5ns 200u SKIPBP
.OP
.STMLIB "vsffm.stl"
* From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of pspiceev.ini:
.lib "E:\Program Files\OrCAD_Demo\Capture\Library\Pspice\eval.lib"
.lib "E:\Program Files\OrCAD_Demo\Capture\Library\Pspice\NOM.LIB"
.INC "vsffm.net"
**** INCLUDING vsffm.net ****
* Schematics Netlist *
R_R1 $N_0001 0 1
V_V1 $N_0001 0
+SFFM 0 1 100k 5 10k
**** RESUMING vsffm.cir ****
.INC "vsffm.als"
**** INCLUDING vsffm.als ****
* Schematics Aliases *
.ALIASES
R_R1 R1(1=$N_0001 2=0 )
V_V1 V1(+=$N_0001 -=0 )
.ENDALIASES
**** RESUMING vsffm.cir ****
.probe
.END
**** 06/02/14 20:06:59 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* C:\Users\ADAM\Desktop\CAD\vsffm\vsffm.sch
**** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C
******************************************************************************
NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
($N_0001) 0.0000
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
V_V1 0.000E+00
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 0.00E+00 WATTS
**** 06/02/14 20:06:59 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* C:\Users\ADAM\Desktop\CAD\vsffm\vsffm.sch
**** OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C
******************************************************************************
JOB CONCLUDED
TOTAL JOB TIME .95
Zawartość pliku .cir.
* C:\Users\ADAM\Desktop\CAD\vsffm\vsffm.sch
* Schematics Version 9.1 - Web Update 1
* Mon Jun 02 20:06:57 2014
** Analysis setup **
.tran 5ns 200u SKIPBP
.OP
.STMLIB "vsffm.stl"
* From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of pspiceev.ini:
.lib "E:\Program Files\OrCAD_Demo\Capture\Library\Pspice\eval.lib"
.lib "E:\Program Files\OrCAD_Demo\Capture\Library\Pspice\NOM.LIB"
.INC "vsffm.net"
.INC "vsffm.als"
.probe
.END
Przykładowy modulator FM.
Symulowany obwód.
Wyniki symulacji.
Źródło V3 musi mieć odpowiednio ustawioną składową stałą, aby spowodować spolaryzowanie diody pojemnościowej. Jeżeli składową stałą ustawimy na 0V, dioda pojemnościowa nie pracuje i nie można uzyskać modulacji częstotliwości.
Nastawy źródła:
VOFF | VAMPL | FM |
---|---|---|
4.6 | 0.5 | 0 |
analiza czasowa
Modulacji częstotliwości nie jesteśmy w stanie zauważyć gołym okiem na charakterystyce
w dziedzinie czasu. Wynika to ze zbyt dużego stosunku częstotliwości nośnej do częstotliwości modulującej. Do analizy sygnału zostanie wykorzystana analiza widma poprzez szybką transformatę Fouriera (FFT – Fast Fourier Transform).
analiza FFT
f0 = 1, 121MHz
VOFF | VAMPL | FM |
---|---|---|
4.6 | 0.5 | 5k |
f0 = 1, 121MHz
VOFF | VAMPL | FM |
---|---|---|
4.6 | 0.5 | 10k |
f0 = 1, 121MHz
VOFF | VAMPL | FM |
---|---|---|
4.6 | 0.5 | 20k |
f0 = 1, 121MHz
VOFF | VAMPL | Fo | FM |
---|---|---|---|
4.6 | 0.5 | 1.121MHz | 50k |
f0 = 1, 121MHz
Analiza wpływu temperatury na modulator FM.
1°C | 64°C | 128°C | 256°C |
---|
Netlista.
* Schematics Netlist *
C_C2 $N_0001 $N_0002 1n
D_D1 0 $N_0003 MV2201
L_L4 $N_0004 $N_0003 10m
C_C3 $N_0003 $N_0001 330p
R_RE $N_0002 $N_0005 13k
Q_Q1 $N_0001 0 $N_0002 Q2N2222
L_L1 $N_0006 $N_0001 36u
V_V2 0 $N_0005 15V
V_V1 $N_0006 0 5V
C_C1 $N_0002 $N_0006 1n IC=5
V_V6 $N_0004 0
+SIN 4.6 0 10k 0 0 0
Zawartość pliku .out.
**** 06/07/14 15:28:00 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* E:\Semestr VI\CAD\Schematic1.sch
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
******************************************************************************
* Schematics Version 9.1 - Web Update 1
* Sat Jun 07 15:27:59 2014
** Analysis setup **
.tran 0.001us 1.3m 1m 0.1us SKIPBP
.OP
* From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of pspiceev.ini:
.lib "nom.lib"
.INC "Schematic1.net"
**** INCLUDING Schematic1.net ****
* Schematics Netlist *
C_C2 $N_0001 $N_0002 1n
D_D1 0 $N_0003 MV2201
L_L4 $N_0004 $N_0003 10m
C_C3 $N_0003 $N_0001 330p
R_RE $N_0002 $N_0005 13k
Q_Q1 $N_0001 0 $N_0002 Q2N2222
L_L1 $N_0006 $N_0001 36u
V_V2 0 $N_0005 15V
V_V1 $N_0006 0 5V
C_C1 $N_0002 $N_0006 1n IC=5
V_V6 $N_0004 0
+SIN 4.6 0 10k 0 0 0
**** RESUMING Schematic1.cir ****
.INC "Schematic1.als"
**** INCLUDING Schematic1.als ****
* Schematics Aliases *
.ALIASES
C_C2 C2(1=$N_0001 2=$N_0002 )
D_D1 D1(1=0 2=$N_0003 )
L_L4 L4(1=$N_0004 2=$N_0003 )
C_C3 C3(1=$N_0003 2=$N_0001 )
R_RE RE(1=$N_0002 2=$N_0005 )
Q_Q1 Q1(c=$N_0001 b=0 e=$N_0002 )
L_L1 L1(1=$N_0006 2=$N_0001 )
V_V2 V2(+=0 -=$N_0005 )
V_V1 V1(+=$N_0006 -=0 )
C_C1 C1(1=$N_0002 2=$N_0006 )
V_V6 V6(+=$N_0004 -=0 )
.ENDALIASES
**** RESUMING Schematic1.cir ****
.probe
.END
**** 06/07/14 15:28:00 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* E:\Semestr VI\CAD\Schematic1.sch
**** Diode MODEL PARAMETERS
******************************************************************************
MV2201
IS 1.365000E-12
ISR 16.020000E-12
BV 25
IBV 10.000000E-06
RS 1
CJO 14.930000E-12
VJ .75
M .4261
**** 06/07/14 15:28:00 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* E:\Semestr VI\CAD\Schematic1.sch
**** BJT MODEL PARAMETERS
******************************************************************************
Q2N2222
NPN
IS 14.340000E-15
BF 255.9
NF 1
VAF 74.03
IKF .2847
ISE 14.340000E-15
NE 1.307
BR 6.092
NR 1
RB 10
RC 1
CJE 22.010000E-12
MJE .377
CJC 7.306000E-12
MJC .3416
TF 411.100000E-12
XTF 3
VTF 1.7
ITF .6
TR 46.910000E-09
XTB 1.5
CN 2.42
D .87
**** 06/07/14 15:28:00 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* E:\Semestr VI\CAD\Schematic1.sch
**** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C
******************************************************************************
NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE
($N_0001) 5.0000 ($N_0002) -.6466
($N_0003) 4.6000 ($N_0004) 4.6000
($N_0005) -15.0000 ($N_0006) 5.0000
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME CURRENT
V_V2 -1.104E-03
V_V1 -1.097E-03
V_V6 -3.837E-11
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 2.20E-02 WATTS
**** 06/07/14 15:28:00 *********** Evaluation PSpice (Nov 1999) **************
* E:\Semestr VI\CAD\Schematic1.sch
**** OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C
******************************************************************************
**** DIODES
NAME D_D1
MODEL MV2201
ID -3.84E-11
VD -4.60E+00
REQ 4.52E+11
CAP 6.46E-12
**** BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
NAME Q_Q1
MODEL Q2N2222
IB 6.94E-06
IC 1.10E-03
VBE 6.47E-01
VBC -5.00E+00
VCE 5.65E+00
BETADC 1.58E+02
GM 4.23E-02
RPI 4.14E+03
RX 1.00E+01
RO 7.20E+04
CBE 5.38E-11
CBC 3.64E-12
CJS 0.00E+00
BETAAC 1.75E+02
CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00
FT/FT2 1.17E+08
JOB CONCLUDED
TOTAL JOB TIME 4.28
Zawartość pliku .cir.
* E:\Semestr VI\CAD\Schematic1.sch
* Schematics Version 9.1 - Web Update 1
* Sat Jun 07 14:59:25 2014
** Analysis setup **
.tran 0.001us 1.3m 1m 0.1us SKIPBP
.STEP OCT TEMP 1 500 1
.OP
* From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of pspiceev.ini:
.lib "nom.lib"
.INC "Schematic1.net"
.INC "Schematic1.als"
.probe
.END