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Hypothcscs (Continued)

96, 176; Mayer'* opposition, 88; Ostwald'* distinction betwcen hypothescs and prototheses, 117-118; Mach’* ac-ccplancc of hypothcscs in bccoming-science, 176; Mach’* opposition to atom* and mclcculcs as hypothctical, 140; Ostwald'* opposition, 217; mod-ern conccpiion of hypothcse*, u 8; Poincare favored them, 195; Fóppl's dcscription of Einstein'* theory as hypothctical, 263

Hypothcsis-dcduction-Ycrif.cation method-ology of science: Boltzmnnn'* approach, 215; Mach'* opposition 10 it, xii, 105, 215; subordinated to Mach'* interna! ''cconomical" purpose of science, i.c., "Boltzmannizcć Machism," 170, 214

Idealism:

—1 Sth ccntury use (image* and sensa-tions as "idcas"): Bishop Berkeley, 203, 244. Sec Ilumc, Davtd; Berkeley, Gcorge

—Mach‘s ddiniiion of: 27, 35, 127. See also Ero; Solipsism

—Phcnomenalism and prcsent3tionalism: Lcnin's criticism of, 244, 34:; men-tioncd, 296; Sec also Phcnomenalism; Prcsentaiionalism

—Speculativc (naturę philosophy, Hcgcli-anism, etc.): opposed by Briickc, Hclm-holtz, and Du Bois-Reymond, 56-57; rcvival in Italy and France, 197-198 Imagclcss thoughts: discosered, 227; de-seribed, 230; threat to phcnomenalism of Mach and Humc, 230-231 Immancnt idealism. See Immancntism Immanentisrn: Schuppc and his followcrs, 122; theory of rcfcrcnce of, 32; opposed by New Realists, 202; rcjcctcd,

231

Immcdiatcly given (intuitisc ccrtainty of sensations): Mach's theory of the, 27, 31; mentioncd, 55, 58. 66, 168, 207 Immortality, irnpcrsonal: Mach’* acccp-tance of, 37

Immortality, personal: Mach’* rcjcction of, 37. »53. 289

Indian civilizauon: Mach’s apprcciation of. 286-287

Inertia. See Mach principlc; Motor sensa-tions

Incnial accclcration. See Rclativity, generał theory of

Incnial mass. See Mass, incnial

Infallibility: Mach’s ambiguous attitude toward, 31, 138, 168, 172; Mach’* com-paratisc lack of doginatism, 160, 168 lnncrv.ttion, theory of: changcs in Mach’% attitudc toward, 55

Intellcctuals: no practical grasp of forcc, 245

Intcntion: common sense rcfcrcntc, 306-

307

Intcractionism. See Psychophysical inter-actionism

Intcrferomctcr. See Mach-Zchndcr inter-ferometer

huroduesion to Hclmhollz'i Theory oj Musie (Mach): book rccciscd rninimal critical recogniiion, 15; mentioncd, 56, 33°

Introjcction (treating the sensory appear-anccs as insidc the brain): opposition of Mach and Avcnarius to, 77 Introspcctive psychology (Wundt’s con-tent psychology): Wundt and his school, 61-62, 227-231; Mach‘s acccp-tancc of, 58, 68-70, 331-332; Mach'* dcviations frorn, 68-69 Iniuition, r.on-scnsory: of Husscrl, 176;

of Bergson, 194, 197 Intuition, sensory. See Immcdiatcly given Italy: Mach'* philosophical influence in, 181, 197-199

Jackson, Carl T.: discusscs positivists who turn toward Buddhism, 129, 29!)

Jagcr, Gustav: aidcd Mach in his effort to undcrstar.d Gerber'* work, 263 James, William: background. 126; Mach'* influence on, 126-128, r76-177, 202; visit to Prague, 73, 76-77: Mach in-fiucnccd by. 55: influence on Russell. 199, 200; on Bohr, 315; mentioncd, 160, 202

Jammcr, Max: traccd Bohr'* mdctcrmin-ism to Renouvicr and James, 315 Jaumann, Gustav (Mach’s longtimc labo-tatory assistant and philosophical fol-lowcr): personality and actions, 145. ^J47i *43; co-authored textbool: with Mach, 140; influcnccd by Mach, 206-J07, 268; coinpetcd with Einstein for Prague professorship, 266-269; led continuum physic* at Brunn. 317 Jcnscn, Paul: supported Mach against Planck, 223

fcrusalcm, Wilhelm (Austrian philosophcr-sociologist and friend of Mach): background and contact with Mach, 159-

160; idcntificd logie with Mach'* theory o: economy, 175: pacifistically indined, 274; mentioncd, 9, 8o, 1x6, 176, 300 Jcsons, William Stanley: mcntioncJ, 139 Jollos, Aleitandcr: Ruuian foliower of Mach, 238

Jordan, Paicual (German quantum the-orist): ttrongly influrnred hy Mach, 316

Joseph II (Habsburg ruler and radical reformer): opposcd nationalism, 40 Jouic, James: mentioncd, 84 Jouvcncl, Bertrand dc: mentioncd, 195 Juhos, Bela: member of the Vienna Cir-de, 302

Jung, C. G.: his doctrinc of an uncon-scious world toul, 60, 315 Jung, R.: discusscd Mach's color theory, 60

Kafka, Franz: mentioncd, 83 Kalidasa: Indian dramatist admired by Mach, 44. See a!to Kicnzl, Wilhelm Kant Imminucł: influence on Mach, roli; his "Copcrnican rcvolution" as a return to Bcl!armtnc's philotophy of science, 35, 171; not a rcfercntial phc-nomenalist, 32; definition of metaphys-ics, 33; in idcalist tradition, 127: ar-tackcd by Boltzmann, :io; mentioncd, xi, 26, 165, 190, 226, 250, 257, 289, ■196. 301, 315

K3raba£ck, J. von: role in Mach's transfer to Vicnna, 152 Kiriiijn, Theodor von: mentioncd, 22 Karpath, Ludwig: wrolc about Mach’s student lifc, 23

Keller, Helen: mentioncd, 159 Kclvin, Lord (William Thomson): men-tioncd, 84

Kepler, Johannes: mentioncd, aai, 222. 3*5

Kern, Bcrthold von: member of (Berlin) Socicty for Positisistic Philosophy, 192 Kcyserling, Hermann: interested in Mach’* attraction to Buddhism, 295 Kicnzl, Wilhelm (Austrian opera cnm-poscr): influcnccd hy Mach to turn from acoustics to opera composing, 44 Kierkegaard, Spren: mentioncd, 314 Kinernaties (the study of physical motion without taking forccs as causcs into cousideration): Mach's attemp: to re-ducc dynamie* to, 96, 98, 296-297, 357; Mach'* kinrmatic approach to shotk wavcs, 114; Einstein'* attempt

to reduce dynamia to kinenudu, 254; Mich'i influence on Peancn, u,’ PIan:k attacks Mach'* undentanding of, 225; Bunge's criticiim of Mach, 335: mentior.cd, 93, 245. See oho Dynamics

Kinctic theory of gaset. See Gases, kinetic fhmry of

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert (prominent German physiciit): atomie theory uneco-nomieal, 89; mentioncd, 218. 248 Klein, Feli* (German mathemancian): supponed Beltzmann at Lubcck debatę, 205: signed positwiitic manifesto, 190; mentioncd, 192

Klcinpetcr, Hans (Austrian supporter of Mach): pninted nut resrmhlances in the epistemologie! of Mach and Nietzsche, 123; helped form (Berlin) Society for Positwiitic Philosophy. 190 Kneupper, Theodore: called attention to Kcyscrling’* interest m Mach and Bud-dhitm, 357

Knouledge and Error (Mach'* still largely untranslatcd book on the philosophy and methodology of science): based on 1895-1898 Icctures, 181; dediated 10 Wilhelm Schuppe, 122; dutinguished bcłwccn mctrical and physical space, 253; rcad by F. A. von Hayek, 301; footnotc refercnces :o, 325, 328, 342, 343. 348. 355. 357

Koffka, Kurt (Gestalt theorist): influcnccd by Stumpf, 228

Kohler, Wolfgang (Gestalt theorist): ia-flucnccd by Stumpf, 228 Kolilek, Frantdek (Czech physidst): influcnccd by Mach, worked on M»-welPs theory, 43

Kołakowski. Leszek: mentioncd, 123 Kolbe. Bruno (Russian teacher): used Mach’* tcxtbooks in St. Petersburg, 236 Korany i, Aleaander s on: mentioncd, 130 Koschliakov, Sergei son: aslcd for Mach's adsice on photography, 236 Koyre, Ale*andrc (French historian of science): carcful thinker, 195 Kraft, Viktor (Vicnna philoiophcr and historian): influcnccd by Mach, 1S2-183; leader of Vicnoa Cirdc after World War II. 302

Krasnopolski. Horaz: mcntioDcd. 80. 83 Kraus. Oskar (Prague philosopher and student of Brentano): opposcd Eanstems usr of non-Euclidean geometry. 269-270

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