IMG 17

Jndex

Ego (Contintied)

234; acceptcd phcnomcnalistic ego, 35 37; distinguished into "nairow" and "indusivc," 35; similarity of Mach'% vicw with thosc of Nietzsche, 123; of Russell, 200; of Humc, 288; of Bud-dhism, 288-289,    292; influence of

Mach's conception, 155, 187, 189; criti-cismi of, 293; mcmioned, 331 Egotism (willful and sclftsh behavior): Mach’s opposition to, 37, 234 Ehrenfcls, Christian von (Praguc philoso-phy professor): acknowledgcd Mach's prionty in Gestalt invcsiigation, 47; student of Brentano, 62 Ehrcnfcst, Paul (Lciden physics professor and friend of Einstein): cclcbraicd Boltztnann'* sixtieth birthday, :io; student of Boltzmann, 222; criticized by Einstein for phcnomcnalistic (Mach-ist) understanding of rc!ativity theory, 257

Eichcndorff. Joseph von: mcnłioncd, 74 Einstein, Albert: carly lifc and academic career of, 247-248, 249, 251, 266: scicntihc contributions, 119. 195, 216-217, 220, 251, 285: relationship with Mach, 247-285; influence of Madi‘s lcxtbooks onP, 141; influcnccd by Stoit-scheff and Mach colony in Zurich, 189— 190; rcad Mach's Science of Mechanice. 246; believed Mach suppoitcd his theory of relativity, 252-256; Einstein names "Mach principlc,'* 103-104, 254-255; corrcspondcd with Mach, 252; vixited Mach and tried to persuadc him to accept the atomie theory, 253, 265, 267, 352; defended Mach against Planck, 217-218, 223; Pianek praises Einstein, 268; Mach tried to understand work of Einstein and Minkowski, 183, 262-264; Mach'* opposition to Einstein^ theory, 273, 275, 282; Einstein'* switch against Mach and posiiivixm,

250,    256-258, 276; Mach not Einstcin’s "forerunner," 258, 275, 277, 285; rcla-tions with Adler, 251, 256, 351; blamcd Mach’$ opposition to senility, 281; relations with Petzoldt, 190, 250-

251,    274, 28J, 282, 284; evidcnce for and against a late switch in Mach’s attitudc in favor of Einstein's theory of relativity, 273-285; hetped pcisuadc Oitwald to accept atomie theory, 217; friend of Popper-Lynkeus, 22; opposed Copenhagen interpretation of quantum

theory, 313, 3*5: * picifist, 294, 297; defended theorctical physic.s, 298-299; opposed by Jaumann and Dinglcr, 267, 280; mentioned, x, xviii, 183, 315. See aho Mach-Einstein cortcspondcnce; Rei-tivny, Einstein'* theory of EJcctricity: Mach's dcfinition of, 85; eon-tributions to, 108; lectures on. 156; models not adcquatc to understand, 178; turn-of-thc-ccntury suspicion it was linkcd with gravitation, 26T-36:; Pctzval’s contributions to, 13; Mach's theory of clcctrons, 265, 354; mentioned, 51, 85, 221, 263

Elccromagnetic waves: Hcrtz's work on, 119, 199; dcstructive effect of from high tension svircs on Ludwig Mach't light experimcnts, 284-285 Elccirotcchnology: Stefan'* contributions 10, 85

Elcmcnts, Mach’* theory of: dcrived from Fcchner, 30-31; sirnilar to Wundt'* approach, 58; dcscribcd, 65 66, rai, 328-229; a physicalittic interpretation of sensations, 304; Mach'* attempt to rcducc Gestalt qualitics to elcmcnts, 48; influcntial (along with Mach’* ncutral monism) on Wittgcnstcin, Russell, Car-nap, and Bogda no v, 185, 230, 231, 239, 303; attackcd by Stumpf, 228; undermined by the discovery of image-less thoughts by Kulpę'* school, 230-231; labclcd as "atomistic" and Mach’s response, 227; mentioned, 127, 168, 170, 244

Elcmcnts (chcmical): incrcasingly ac-ccptcd by physicists, 30 Elcmcnts of Psychuphytics (Gust.iv Fcch-ner’s book): influcnccd Mach, 27-29 Empiricism: a mcthodological approach compitiblc with any cpistcrnology but often confused with phenomenalism or positivism, 91-93, 165; mentioned, 70, »72, 306

Empirio-criticism: Avcnarius’s namc for hi* own philosophy (which is very siuiilar tu that of Mach), 121; Lenin labclcd Mach'* philosophy under this term, 238; as an ciprcssion uscd in-tcicbjiigcdbly willi "Maciusiu,"    242.

See also Asenarius, Richard End-se‘icnce: Mach'* goal of science as consuting uf iiutlscmalical functions with physical mcaning but without physical theory: 168-172, 215; mentioned, 185, 313-314

England: Mach'* philosophical influence in, 124-125, 181 182, 199 201 Encrgcticism (Ostwald'* theory for cx-plaining physical bchav;or withaut ap-pcaling to the atomie theory): desenbed and work of prcdcccssors mentioned, 89. 117-119; Mach'* attitudc toward it, 118,    193: similur theorie* hcld by

Heim and Popper-Lynkeus, 117; influence on Duhem, 196; on Wald, 207; «>n "most physicists," 209; on Rogda-nov, 239; atlacked by Boltzmann, 204-206, 210-211; by Planck, 205, 219; by Stumpf, 227; Ostwald’* "energctical theory of happiness” (psychic energy), 2in; Ostwald'* abandonment of ener-gclicism in favor of the atomie theory, 217; mentioned, 158 Energy: the only genuine rcality for Ostwald, 89. 117, 217; Mach'* leeture* on, 156. See also Conscrvation of energy; Conseriation oj Energy Eiigclrncyer, Peter Klementittch von (Russian engineer-philosopher): formed Socicty for Pojitivism (1912) in Mos-cow, 236-238

Engels, Friedrich: mentioned, 240 F.nlightcnrncnt, the: Mach's favorablc attitudc toward, 37 Entropy: defmition of, 84-85 Entropy law (the sccond law of thermo-dynarnic-s):    rcscrsibility-irrcscrsibility

conflict, 8S; Mach’* attitudc toward, 84, 89; Boltzmann’* work abour, 86-90; Planck'* attcinpt at an absolute interpretation of, 219; Planck'* criticism of Mach'* understanding of, 219, 225-22 6

F.pistemology (theory of 1. cognition 2. ccrtainty 3. rcliablc understanding): of Macb, x-xi, 10 11,    26-37, 63-68:

Mach’* leetures on. 156; Mach’* views on contrastcd with those of Newton, 00-92; of Comte, 164; of Boltzmann, 215; Mach'* cpistemological influence on, Loeb, 130-131; on Mauthner, 186; on Russell, 199; on Ncsv Realists, 202: on Carnap, 303: prcsentational and rep-rcscntational realism compared, 242-243; cpistemological aisumptions of positivism. 169; Mach suggested physi-cist* nced not worry about it, 209; dcscription of primary and secondary qualities, 92; doseness of Mach’* vie\v* with Buddhiim, 287-290, 292. 205; Lenin’* "copy" theory of, 243; contro* veny over siew* in Wittgenjtein’* Traetstur. 309; Carnap’* tlaun not :o have an eputemology. 303; role of Mach’* episttmology in Eimtein'* think-ing and theorie*. 170, 248, 250, 255, ^a74> 299; Mach’* view* crticized by Boltzmann, Planck, Stumpf, and Kulpę. 304 231; by Boring, 202; mentioned, 3». 120

Equilibrium. See Motor sensations Erdmann, Benno: mentioned, 152 Ethies: Mach approved Chinese and Bud-dhist approach to, 286. 295; mentioned. 152. 287

Ettinghausen, Andreas von (Vienna ph?s-ic* profeisor and Mach'* chief teacher): taught Mach laboratory trchniąue, 13; encouraged Mach to test Doppler theory, 17; hi* role in Doppler contro-ver*y, 19: hecame iii. 23; prrviou* chief of Vicnna Physical Institute, 86 Eucken, Rudolf: mentioned, 152 Euclidran geometry. See Geometry. Eu-didean

Esidence: Mach’* distastc for conccpt of, 177-178

Ewald, J. P.: mentioned, 54 Exner, Franz: encouraged Mach to work out X-ray stercoscopy, 162

Fact: Mach's double definition of, 32: Mach’* identification with sensations, 32, 174; Mach'* misundemanding of Ncwton's approach to, 32, 91; Mach’* criticism* of Newton’* approach to, 100 Fair/ tale*: Mach'* father anJ nursemaid confused him with, 6; Mach opposed their u*e, 7

Faraday, Michach Mach cnocal of hi* rdigious siews, 291; mentioned, 223 Fcchner, Gu>tav (Lcipzig scicndst and naturę philosopher): attempted to place psycholog} on a scicntific hasis, 28-29; influence on Mach, 15, 2j. 3-31: ^re* placcd causes with mathcmadcal fuaic-tions, 29; attributed mindł to plant*, 36; denied atomie theory, 43J corres-pondencc and peisonal mcetiag* with Mach, 25; Mach rejcctcd hi* psycho-physical paralldism. 53; Mach'* incom-plcte abandonment of Fcchner’* idcas, 63-66; mentioned, 126, 129. 193 Fcchner’* logarithmic law: Mach’* reac-tion to it, 15. 20, 29 Fcigl. Herbert: member of Vicnna Cude. 302, 308

385