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5.2.2 Heni Batasuna

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Ethnicity and Violence: The Case of Radical Basque Nationalism

Although not an integral part of the KAS coordinating committee, Herri Batasuna (Popular Unity) also supported the KAS Alternative as the only means to settle the problem of violence in the Basque Country. The tactical goal of the political coalition was to establish a political agreement between the Spanish Basque Country (Hego Euskal Herria) and Spain to confirm the political sovereignty of the Basques. Needless to say, from Herri Bata-sunas perspective, the Basquc problem was a struggle between Basques and Spaniards and political violence was an indicator of that ethno-territo-rial dispute (not the problem in itself). As one of the internal documents of Herri Batasuna stated:

Autorzy Diego Muro

Herri Batasuna ETA Wyszukaj

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Euskal Herria was deprived of all its political riglus by force, and being confronted by such dispossession, our nation has defended its rights and organised its sclf-defencc, combining different forms of struggle, for the last 150 years. This constant clash with the Spanish stare has generated a movement of resistance which has had a progressive evolu-tion in terms of political consciousness and other internal and external factors. Hence, the methods of this struggle, its contents and its formu-lations have evolved. Ir is precisely in this last phase of the liberation process that ETA has become an essential reference. (HB-Urrats Berri 1992:25)

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The activity of Herri Batasuna was subordinated to the armed struggle from its genesis. The party’s main priority was to ‘add new forces around

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Ethnicity and Violence: The Case of Radical Basque Nationalism

Autorzy Diego Muro

Herri Batasuna ETA Wyszukaj

The activity of Herri Batasuna was subordinated to the armed struggle from its genesis. The party’s main priority was to ‘add new forces around the MLNV in order to facilitate the agreement between ETA and the real powers’ (Hausnart7.cn I: 7). HB was not boru with concretc aims, other than to carry out the national liberation through political means. Established in 1978, Herri Batasuna became one of the fundamental organisations of

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The Basque Morement of National Liberation (1975-1989)    129

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the MLNV and, in spite of advocating independence and revolutionary change in the Basque lands, the morę socialist elements of its programme remained largely unexplored (Rincón 1985: 98). Herri Batasuna’s symbi-otic relationship with ETA mcant that HB got the votes of all those who supported ETA. However, when ETA committed indiscriminate killings, it was Herri Batasuna that suffered the loss of support. When, in July 1987, ETA bombed the Hipercor supermarket in Barcelona killing twenty-one people, two of them children, and injuring forty-two, it was Herri Batasuna that paid at the ballot box. Months before the attack, Herri Batasuna

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