3513659928

3513659928



120 Andrei Pippidi 4

Grand Vizir, after their appointment, and pass through the great Street of the Divan, with a numerous and splendid retinue on their way to the capitals of their respective principalities».

Le tribut de la Valachie, autrefois limite a 60 000 piastres par an, a ete porte a 230 000, somme a laąuelle il faut encore ajouter 5000 qui representent les presents destinćs au grand vizir et a d’autrespersonnagesdehautrang. Dans ces obligations sont aussi comprises des ąuantites de miel (40 000 livres) et de cire (36 000 livres) et des pelisses de hermine. Selon «Habesci», la somme exigee par le tresor ottoman etait tout a fait raisonnable; ce qui rendait insupportable le fonctionnement du systeme c’etaient les abus de radministration: «The Vayvode always keeps a grand court and a magnificent retinue.To obtain the govemment, he has unavoidably contracted great debts, which he must draw from the province; on the same account, he must also have promised sums of money to all who have the best interest in the Divan, and they must be satisfied; to answer all these obligations must require enormous taxes,but this is not all; in order to keep himself in place, by the favour of his protectors of Constantinople, he must take them annual presents; his agent at the Porte has likewise a large salaiy; and he will take care to amass sufficient treasures apart for himself, against a removal from his govemment, if he is so for-tunate as to leave it without losing his head». La conclusion est implacable: «to compass all these ends, the most horrible cruelties and extortions are constantly practised. The inhabitants are reduced to the utrnost misery».

Pour la Moldavie, le tableau n’est pas moins sombre. Au montant du tribut, qui serait de 160 000 piastres, s’ajoutent 40 000 livres de miel et autant de cire (avec encore 5280 livres de cire comme supplement inexplique), 500 peaux de boeuf et 500 pieces de drap grossier (pour vetir les esclaves ramant sur les galeres turques). Curieusement, on fait aussi mention de «600 quintals of sulphur for the service of the arsenal». Pourtant,il n’est pas question de soufre, necessaire a la fabrication de la poudre, mais de suif. erreur de traduction, car le texte etait redigć en franęais.

Certaines analogies ou meme similitudes avec les informations foumies par le medecin anglais Thomas Salmon dans une autre description de 1’Empire ottoman (Londres, 1724) permettent de supposer que «Habesci» y a puise sa connaissance des chiffres7 et aussi quelques remarques acerbes au sujet des Phanariotes. Par exemple, notre auteur commente aigrement la maniere dont les princes phanariotes . parvenaient a se faire nommer par la Porte: «This election, as one may easily believe, never falls up the most worthy, but certainly upon him who is most liberał to the ministers of the Divan and most prodigal in promises, which when not executed, cause the ruin of the govemor who has madę them». Ce qui avait deja ete dit par Salmon: «Nullo di meno si procura che la scelta cada sopra persone che non sieno di stiipe Reale, o molto nobile, ne di chiaro sangue, o che abbiano grandi aderenze, innalzandole alla dignita principesca non solamente perche si riconoscano affatto debitrici al Gran Signore della loro Fortuna, ma anche per liberare se stessi da ogni sospetto di nuove sollevazioni»8. Assurement, ce n’estpas la une simple convergence, car le titre meme de 1’ ouvrage que nous venons de citer, Sta to presente

1 Cf. 1’ćtude ćclairante de M.Berza dans «Studii ęi materiale de istorie medie», II, 1957. Ces chiffres approximatifś valent donc seulement pour la premiere motić du XVIII* si&cle.

* Storia moderna, owero lo stato presente di tutti i popoli del mondo, VI, Venise, 1738.



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