Electromagnetic Compatibility
Grzegorz Kosobudzki, Jerzy Leszczyński
Low frequency disturbances immunity tests
Low frequency disturbances
immunity test
" Voltage dips, short interruption
" Voltage varation
" Power frequency variation
" Harmonics and intarharmonics, mains
signaling
2
Test results - classification
A) normal performance within limits specified by the
manufacturer
B) temporary loss of function or degragation of performace
C) temporary loss of function or degragation of performace 
the correction of which requires operator intervention
D) loss of function or degragation of performance which is
not recoverable
3
Voltage interruption and dip
ti ti
interruption Dip (sag)
4
nom
nom
nom
U
U<1%U
U<90%U
Voltage dips and surge
U
Umax
Usurge=Umin
1.1Un
Un
0.9Un
Udip=Umin
Umin
t
DIP SURGE
5
ITIC CURVE
6
ANSI CURVE
7
Voltage dips and inerruption tests
URMS
100%
Voltage
Voltage
rising
fall time
time
30%
ts
tf tr
time at reduced voltage
0%
8
40ms
EN 50160
10ms
100
EN 61000-4-30
25
9
Dips parameters
nom
nom
U
25%U
Schematic of test instrumentation for voltage dips, interruption and
variations using variable transformers and switches
EUT
Voltmeter,
oscilloscope
10
Power supply
Schematic of test instrumentation for voltage dips, interruption and
variations using power amplifier
Waveform
Generator
EUT
Voltmeter,
Amplifier oscilloscope
Controller
11
Power supply
Schematic of test instrumentation for three-phase voltage dips,
interruption and variations using power amplifier
Waveform
Generator
EUT
Voltmeter,
Amplifier oscilloscope
Controller
12
Power supply
Prefereed test level and duration for voltage dips
and interruption - Table 1 and 2; EN 61000-4-11
Prefered test level and duration
Class Voltage dips Short
interruption
1 Case by case according to the equipment requirements
2 0% during ½ 0% during 70% during 25 cycle 0% during
cycle 1cycle 250 cycle
3 0% during ½ 0% during 40% during 70% during 80% during 0% during
cycle cycle 10 cycle 25 cycle 250 cycle 250 cycle
x x x x x x x
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Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems
EN 61000-4-11
L1
L1 L1
N
N
N
L2 L3
L3 L2 L2
L3
Phase to neutral testing
14
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems:
Phase to neutral dip
L2
sin(120oð )
1
sin
100%
100%
1 P2 2P cos(120oð )
30°
100% L1
p
1-P
1 P2 2P cos(120oð )
U
100%
L1 L2
100%
3
L3
15
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems
EN 61000-4-11
L1 L1
L1
N N
N
L2 L3
L3 L2
L3 L2
Phase to phase testing  not recommended Phase to phase testing  preffered
16
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems:
Phase to phase dip
(1 P)2 (1 P
L2
U U 1 3 2 3 cos(30oð )
L1 N L2 N
2 2
100%
p
(1 P)
3 sin(30oð )
UL2-N 1
2
100%
sin
U
L1 N
UL2-L3
UL1-N
L1
N
1-P
100% 120oð
UL3-L1
1 (U )2 2U cos( 120oð )
100%
L1 N L1 N
U U
L3 L1 L2 L3
100%
3
U sin( 120oð )
1
L1 N
60oð sin
L3
3U
L3 L1
17
Dips immunity tests in 3 phase systems:
Phase to phase dip
L2
U 1 3P2 2 3P cos(30oð )
L1 N
100%
p
100% P 3 sin(30oð )
UL2-N
1
120o sin
U
L1 N
UL1-N
L1
N
1-P
100%
1 (U )2 2UL1 N cos( 120oð )
L1 N
UL3-L1
U
L3 L1
100%
3
100%
U sin( 120oð )
1
L1 N
60oð sin
L3
3U
L3 L1
18
Circuit for determining peak inrush
current requirement of EUT
To
oscilloscope
Voltage interrupt
EUT
generator
19
Circuit for determining peak inrush current
drive capability of interruption generator
To
oscilloscope
Voltage interrupt
C R
generator
R- bleeder resistor
10k>R>100
C- electrolytic capacitor
C=1700uF
20
Voltage variation- optional test EN 61000-4-11
URMS
100%
Voltage
Time at
fall time
reduced
Test level: 70%
voltage
td : abrupt
Voltage
ts : 1 cycle
rising
time
tr : 25 cycles
ts
tf tr
0%
21
Voltage variation immunity test:
EN61000-4-14
Un+10%
Minimum
5s
60s 60s
5s
Un 5s
60s 60s
Minimum
5s
Un-10%
22
Voltage variation immunity test:
EN61000-4-14
T=5s+-0.5s
Starting
voltage
tf t=2s+-0.2s tr
5 periods
5 periods
23
U
Variation of power Frequency
immunity test: EN 61000-4-28
Mearuring Frequency Transient time
Level variation tp
Level 1 No obligation No obligation
Level 2 Ä…3% 10 s
Level 3 +4% -6% 10 s
Level 4 Ä…15% 1 s
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Variation of power frequency
immunity test: EN 61000-4-28
f+ f
f- f
tp 120s tp 60s
60s
f
120s
120s
120s 120s
60s
tp f+ f tp 60s
120s
f- f
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Harmonics and interharmonics immunity
test: EN 61000-4-13
I. Harmonics tests
a. Individual harmonic
b. Flat curve
c. Over swing
II. Interharmonics tests
a. Individual interharmonic
b. Sweep in frequency
c. Meister curve
Harmonics immunity test: EN 61000-4-13
Harmonic combination-  over swing
400
Class 3rd 5th
% 0f U1 %0f U1
200
/angle /angle
0
1 4%/180o 3%/0o
2 6%/180o 4%/0o
200
3 8%/180o 5%/0o
400
3
X X%/180o x%/0o
0 5 10 0.01 0.015 0.02
time [s]
27
u [V]
Harmonics and interharmonics immunity test:
EN 61000-4-13
Harmonic combination-  flat curve
400
Class function
200
1 0d"|sin t|d"0.95
0
2 0d"|sin t|d"0.9
200
3 0d"|sin t|d"0.8
400
X 0d"|sin t|d"X
3
0 5 10 0.01 0.015 0.02
time [s]
28
u [V]
Interharmonics immunity test: EN 61000-4-13
Sweep in frequency, Meister curve
Meister curve Class 3
Freq. Range Freq. Step Sweep in
frequency Class 3
f f tests level %U1 tests level %U1
0,33f1 to 2f1 0,1f1 4,5 4
2f1 to 10f1 0,2f1 14 10
10f1 to 20f1 0,2f1 9 4500/f (9%for 500Hz)
20f1 to 30f1 0,5f1 6 4500/f (4,5%for 1kHz)
30f1 to 40f1 0,5f1 4 4500/f (3%for 1,5kHz,
2,25% for 2kHz)
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