Wprowadzenie punktów monitorowych do modelu:

history metka warto

ść

_monitorowana i= j=

warto

ś

ci:

sxx

syy

sxy

vsi

ssi

xdisplacement

ydisplacement

Wy

ś

wietlanie informacji

z punktów monitorowych:

plot grid history

plot history n

print history

FLAC (Version 4.00)

LEGEND

30-Dec-07 16:08
step 0
-5.000E-01 <x< 3.500E+00
-5.000E-01 <y< 3.500E+00

Grid plot

0

1E 0

History Locations

1

2

-0.250

0.250

0.750

1.250

1.750

2.250

2.750

3.250

-0.250

0.250

0.750

1.250

1.750

2.250

2.750

3.250

JOB TITLE :

Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.
Minneapolis, Minnesota USA

Obliczenia uruchamia si

ę

komend

ą

solve (obliczenia trwaj

ą

do momentu

ustabilizowania si

ę

modelu)

Obliczenia w dowolnym momencie mo

ż

na zatrzyma

ć

naciskaj

ą

c <ESC>

Wyniki oblicze

ń

zapisywane s

ą

do pliku komend

ą

: save nazwa_pliku.sav

Aby wprowadzi

ć

do programu wyniki wcze

ś

niejszych oblicze

ń

zapisanych

komend

ą

save, u

ż

ywa si

ę

komendy: restore nazwa_pliku.sav

hist 1 unbalance

plot history 1

Post-Processing

plot sxx fill - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze rozkładu napr

ęż

e

ń

poziomy w modelu

plot syy fill - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze rozkładu napr

ęż

e

ń

pionowych w modelu

plot sxy fill zero - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze napr

ęż

e

ń ś

cinaj

ą

cych w modelu

plot disp - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze wypadkowych przemieszcze

ń

w modelu

plot xd fill - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze przemieszcze

ń

poziomych w modelu

plot yd fill - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze przemieszcze

ń

pionowych w modelu

plot ssi fill - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze warto

ś

ci odkształce

ń

postaciowych

plot vsi fill - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze warto

ś

ci odkształce

ń

obj

ę

to

ś

ciowych

plot stat blo - wy

ś

wietlenie na monitorze obszarów zniszcze

ń

w modelu

plot bou mag lub plot grid mag - wy

ś

wietlenie zniekształce

ń

brzegu (siatki) w modelu

Zdefiniowanie formatu eksportu rysunków z programu:

set plot jpg <color, gray>

set plot clip <color, gray>

set plot dxf

Zdefiniowanie eksportu do pliku:

set plot jpg

set out c:\nazwa_pliku.jpg

plot pen grid

Zdefiniowanie drukowania:

set out lpt1

lub

set plot win

plot pen grid

Structural elements

• Beams

• Cables

• Supports

Beam elements have 3 degrees of freedom (DOF’s), i.e. they may move in

x-direction, in y-direction and may bend themselves by rotation in the ending

points. Beams have elastic behavior but we may define max. bending moment.

Beam elements are used usually for modelling of concrete or wooden lining,

for yielding arches or building (skeleton) structures etc.

For beams we need define:

• Young modulus

• density of material (opcional)

• cross-section

• moment of inertia

or

• height

• width

and optionally

7 additional values.

Mo

ż

na łaczy

ć

współrz

ę

dne, np.:

structure beam begin grid i1,j1 end grid i2,j2 prop=n

structure beam begin x1,y1 end x2,y2 prop=n

structure beam long from i1, j1 to i2, j2 prop=n

structure beam begin grid i1,j1 end x2,y2 prop=n

structure prop=n e= i= area= density=

structure prop=n e= height= width= density=

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

29-Jan-11 17:31
step 0
-3.333E+00 <x< 2.333E+01
-3.333E+00 <y< 2.333E+01

Grid plot

0

5E 0

Beam plot

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

(*10^1)

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

(*10^1)

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

gr 20 20
m e
gen circle 10,10,5
mod null reg 10,10
;concrete lining
;automatic beaming - clockwise
struc beam long from 10,6 to 10,6 prop=1
struc prop=1 e=13.8e9 i=2.8e-4 a=0.15
plot hold grid beam red
plot hold grid structure element

grid 5,5
m e
pl hold model grid
; excavation
model null i=3 j=3
pl hold model grid
;installing of metal lining (manual beaming)
struc beam begin grid 3,3 end grid 4,3 prop=1
struc beam begin grid 3,3 end grid 3,4 prop=1
struc beam begin grid 4,3 end grid 4,4 prop=1
struct beam begin grid 3,4 end grid 4,4 prop=1
struc prop=1 e=200e9 i=2.3e-5 area=4.8e-3
pl hold model grid beam yellow

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

29-Jan-11 17:53
step 0
-8.333E-01 <x< 5.833E+00
-8.333E-01 <y< 5.833E+00

Grid plot

0

2E 0

Beam plot

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

Definition of behavior of connections in nodes.

struc node=n fix <x> <y> <r>

- stabilization of DOF’s in node „n”

struc node=n free <x> <y> <r>

- 3 DOF’s, default value in node „n”

struc node=n load fx fy mom

- initial values of x-force, y-force and banding

moment in node „n”

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

30-Jan-11 15:45
step 0
-1.333E+00 <x< 5.333E+00
-8.333E-01 <y< 5.833E+00

Grid plot

0

2E 0

Structural Node Numbers

4

3

2

1

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

-0.500

0.500

1.500

2.500

3.500

4.500

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

gr 4 4
m e

struc prop=1 e=17.58e9 i=0.0104 a=0.5
struc prop=2 e=18.01e9 i=0.0124 a=0.4
struc prop=3 e=16.50e9 i=0.0108 a=0.25
struc prop=4 e=19.37e9 i=0.0113 a=0.12

struc beam beg 1,4 end 1,5 prop=1
struc beam beg 3,4 end 3,5 prop=2
struc beam beg 1,4 end 3,4 prop=3
struc beam beg 1,5 end 3,5 prop=4

struc node=1 fix r
struc node=3 fix r
struc node=2 Load 0 -1e6 0
struc node=4 Load 0 -1e6 0

plot hold grid struc node red

struct support x,y <angle a> <segment n> <width w> prop=p

struc prop=p kn= yprop=

kn - axial stiffness or
yprop - compressive yield strength

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

29-Jan-11 18:23
step 0
-3.333E+00 <x< 2.333E+01
-3.333E+00 <y< 2.333E+01

Grid plot

0

5E 0

Support plot

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

(*10^1)

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

(*10^1)

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

grid 20 20

m e

gen circ 10,10,5

mod null reg 10,10

struc support 10,10 width 2 segment 2 prop=1

struc prop=1 kn=4e6

pl hold grid supp red

grid 20 20

m e

gen circ 10,10,5

mod nul reg 10,10

struc support 10,10 width 2 segment 2 prop=1

; specify force displacement relation for support

struct prop=1 kn table 5

table 5 0,0 0.2,0 0.4,0.4e7 10.0,0.4e7

Cables – these are structure elements which may be extended or compressed

during the movement of grid but they don’t transfer banding moments.

This kind of structure is used for simulation of different types of bolts (e.g.

mechanical bolts, glued bolts, cemented bolts etc.).

We have to define the following values for cables:

• Cross section (area)

• Density (density) - optional

• Young modulus (e)

• Tensile yield strength (yield)

• Stiffness of the grout (kbond)

• Cohesive strength of the grout (sbond)

• Compressive yield strength (ycomp) - optional

structure cable begin grid i1,j1 end grid i2,j2 prop=n

structure cable begin x1,y1 end x2,y2 prop=n

Types of rock-bolts

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

29-Jan-11 22:20
step 0
-1.228E-01 <x< 2.021E+01
-2.473E-01 <y< 2.009E+01

Grid plot

0

5E 0

Cable plot

0.200

0.600

1.000

1.400

1.800

(*10^1)

0.200

0.600

1.000

1.400

1.800

(*10^1)

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

gr 20 20

m e

gen arc 10,7 17,7 180

mark j=8 i=4,18

mod null reg 10,10

struc cable begin grid 7,14 end grid 2,20 prop=1

struc cable begin grid 11,15 end grid 11,20 prop=1

struc cable begin grid 15,14 end grid 20,20 prop=1

struc prop=1 yield=1e6 kbond=1e10 sbond=1e7 e=200e9 area=2e-3

plot hold grid cable red

Plotting information about axial forces, displacements and bending moments in

structural elements:

plot struc axial fill

plot struc sdisp fill

plot struc xdisp fill

plot struc ydisp fill

plot struc mom fill (only for beams)

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

30-Jan-11 11:00
step 504
9.334E+00 <x< 1.884E+01
9.316E+00 <y< 1.882E+01

Axial Force on

Structure Max. Value
# 1 (Beam ) 9.035E+06

Structural Element Numbers

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0.950

1.050

1.150

1.250

1.350

1.450

1.550

1.650

1.750

1.850

(*10^1)

1.000

1.100

1.200

1.300

1.400

1.500

1.600

1.700

1.800

(*10^1)

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

30-Jan-11 11:02
step 504
9.334E+00 <x< 1.884E+01
9.316E+00 <y< 1.882E+01

Structural Element Numbers

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Moment on

Structure Max. Value
# 1 (Beam ) 1.039E+04

0.950

1.050

1.150

1.250

1.350

1.450

1.550

1.650

1.750

1.850

(*10^1)

1.000

1.100

1.200

1.300

1.400

1.500

1.600

1.700

1.800

(*10^1)

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics

FLAC (Version 6.00)

LEGEND

30-Jan-11 11:07
step 504
9.334E+00 <x< 1.884E+01
9.316E+00 <y< 1.882E+01

Structural Element Numbers

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Structural Displacement
Max Value = 2.155E-02

0.950

1.050

1.150

1.250

1.350

1.450

1.550

1.650

1.750

1.850

(*10^1)

1.000

1.100

1.200

1.300

1.400

1.500

1.600

1.700

1.800

(*10^1)

JOB TITLE :

AGH-UST Department of Geophysics
Division of Mining Geophysics