1492 - Christopher Columbus discovered America
West India - największy rynek niewolników
Ponce de Leon - explored Florida
Hernando De Soto and Francisco Coronado - discovered the Mississippi River
John Cabot, Verazzano, Cartier, Louis Joliet, La Salle - odkrywcy
Góry: Appalachian Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Rzeki: Mississippi, Colorado
Roanoke Island - lost colony
Jamestown - was settled in 1607. It was the first permanent colony.
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was drafted by the Puritans Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower, seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination. It was signed on November 11, 1620 by 41 of the ship's more than one hundred passengers, in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod.
Thirteen separate colonies: most people divided them into three main groups. Each group had its own way of life and character. In the far north was the New England Group. Most people were small farmers or craftsmen. The nearest colonies to the New England were called Middle Colonies. There were growing numbers of craftsmen and merchants. The people of the Middle colonies were more tolerant of religious than the New Englanders. The third group of colonies was South Colonies. Peple lived in big houses with great verandahs. There were great plantations. Most of the work was done by black slaves.
Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific Ocean. People believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious and certain. "Manifest Destiny" became a standard historical term, often used as a synonym for the expansion of the United States across the North American continent.
The term was first used primarily by Jacksonian Democrats in the 1840s to promote the annexation of much of what is now the Western United States.
Minutemen were members of teams of select men from the American colonial militia during the American Revolutionary War. They vowed to be ready for battle against the British within one minute of receiving notice.
An indentured servant is a laborer under contract of an employer for some period of time in exchange for their transportation, food, drink, clothing, lodging and other necessities.An indentured servant was required to work only for a limited term specified in a signed contract.
A major problem with the system of indentured servitude was that in many cases, indentured servants were subject to violence at the hands of their employers. The labor-intensive cash crop of tobacco was farmed in the American South by indentured laborers in the 17th and 18th centuries.
In addition to African slaves, Europeans, mostly Irish,[2] Scottish,[3] English, and Germans, were brought over in substantial numbers as indentured servants, particularly in the British Thirteen Colonies. Over half of all white immigrants to the English colonies of North America during the 17th and 18th centuries consisted of indentured servants.[6]
The flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states and the 13 stripes represent the original Thirteen Colonies that rebelled against the British Crown and became the first states in the Union.
Nicknames for the flag include the stars and stripes, Old Glory, the American flag, and the star-spangled banner .
Impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to forcibly remove a government official. The second stage is conviction.
Impeachment is a British invention.
A pledge is an oath. It may also refer to:
Pledge of Allegiance, used in the United States
Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. The Harlem Renaissance marked the first time that mainstream publishers and critics took African American literature seriously and that African American literature and arts attracted significant attention from the nation at large. Although it was primarily a literary movement, it was closely related to developments in African American music, theater, art, and politics.
The Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was an African-American organization established to promote civil rights and self-defense. It was active in the United States from the mid-1960s into the 1970s.
Founded in Oakland, California, in October 1966, the organization initially set forth a doctrine calling for the protection of African American neighborhoods from police brutality, in the interest of African-American justice.[1] Its objectives and philosophy changed radically during the party's existence.
The totem poles of the Pacific Northwest of North America have many different designs (bears, birds, frogs, people, lizards) They have arms, wings and legs.
A federacy is a form of government where one or several substate units enjoy considerably more independence than the majority of the substate units.
Confederation, an association of sovereign states or communities. Examples include:
Confederate States of America, eleven southern states of the United States of America between 1861 and 1865.
Checks and Balances: A system that gives each branch of government different powers so that each branch can check the authority of the other.
In the United States, the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known. They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1791 as a series of constitutional amendments. The Bill of Rights limits the powers of the Federal government of the United States, protecting the rights of all citizens, residents and visitors on United States territory.
The Bill of Rights protects the freedoms of speech, press, and religion; the right to keep and bear arms; the freedom of assembly; the freedom to petition; and prohibits unreasonable search and seizure; cruel and unusual punishment; and compelled self-incrimination. Prohibits double jeopardy.
The Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as The Battle at Wounded Knee Creek, was the last major armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the United States.
Tribes: Inuit, Iroquois, Pueblo, Sioux, Anasazi, Kwakiutl, Kachinas, Hopi, Navajos, Kiowas.
Washington - the capitol of the USA. The White House is the official home and principal workplace of the President of the United States.
A bounty hunter captures fugitives for a monetary reward (bounty). Bounty hunting - hunting for slaves escaped from plantation.
Ellis Island - immigration station on the east coast for immigrants from Europe
Angel Island - immigration station in California for immigrants from Asia
The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic.
The federal government is composed of three branches:Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the Cabinet and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional.The House of Representatives has 435 members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned among the fifty states by population every tenth year.
US Constitution: written In Philadelphia, James Madison was the “father of the Constitution”, 39 men signed it in 1787.
The Preamble - the introduction to the constitution. Two main questions in preamble: why they are writing it, What are the goals to be reached?
Constitution: 1. articles 2. sections, 3.clauses
The United States Declaration of Independence is an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved." An engrossed copy of the Declaration was signed by most of the delegates on August 2.. At the time the Declaration was issued, the American colonies were "united" in declaring their independence from Great Britain. John Hancock, as the elected President of Congress, was the only person to sign the Declaration of Independence on July 4th. It was not until the following month on August 2nd that the remaining 55 other delegates began to sign the document.
The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), also known as the American War of Independence,[3] began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies on the North American continent.
Battle of Bunker Hill
Victory at Saratoga, naval victory in the Chesapeake.
The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war between the United States of America (the "Union") and eleven Southern slave states that declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy).
The southern states wanted to have their own nation and be able to decide what laws to have. The north did not want the country to be broken apart. In the election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln stated that he wanted to stop the spread of slavery. The southern states said that if Lincoln won, they would secede (leave) the union. The southern states seceded from the union after Lincoln was elected. They formed their own nation, The Confederate States of America. The war began in April of 1861 when the Confederate Army took over Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. President Lincoln was forced to declare war. The war was a long and bloody.
Gettysburg address - speech of Lincoln
Reconstruction: 10% plan
The American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states.
NAACP member Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat at the front of the "colored section" of a bus to a white passenger, defying a southern custom of the time. In response to her arrest the Montgomery black community launches a bus boycott, which will last for more than a year, until the buses are desegregated Dec. 21, 1956. As newly elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., is instrumental in leading the boycott.
Harriet Tubman - underground railroad
13th amendment - freedom for slaves
Trail of tears - connected with Cherokee
Indian Removal Act - 1830