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Lead in

1.1 sensitivity

/%sens@"tIv@ti/ (n)

the ability to understand other

people’s feelings

◆

Without

sensitivity to the needs of children
you can’t be a good teacher.

sensitive (adj), sensitively (adv)

1.2 brutally

/"bru:t@li/ (adv)

directly and clearly said or written

about sth unpleasant

◆

I was

brutally frank with him and told
him that his new hairstyle made
him look much older.

brutality

(n), brute (n), brutal (adj), brutish
(adj) L These derivatives are more
commonly used about physical
violence.

1.3 tactful

/"t&ktfl/ (adj)

careful not to say anything that

will annoy or upset people

◆

It wasn’t very tactful of you to

ask Tom about Kate – she left him
last week for his best friend.

tact (n), tactfully (adv)

1.4 break out

/%breIk "aUt/ (phr v)

begin suddenly, usu. sth unpleasant

such as an argument, a fight or war

break out (n)

1.5 get on with sth
/%get "Qn wID/ (phr v)

continue doing sth that you have

started or start sth that you were
about to do

◆

If there are no

further questions, can you get on
with the test please?

1.6 take the side of

/%teIk D@ "saId @v/ (phr)

feel or express support for sb in an

argument or discussion L When
used with a name, this is more often
take sides with sb, take sb’s side:
Whenever there’s a disagreement,
you always take Helen’s/her side.

1.7 compromise

/"kQmpr@maIz/ (n)

a solution where people agree

to give up part of what they
wanted so that they are both
happy

compromise (v)

◆

After

lengthy talks the two sides finally
reached a compromise.

1.8 logical

/"lQÙIkl/ (adj)

thinking about things in an

organised and sensible way

logic (n), logically (adv)

1.9 mature

/m@"ÍU@(r)/ (adj)

behaving in a sensible way like

an adult

◆

It wasn’t very mature

of you to laugh when that man
slipped over on a banana.

maturity (n), maturely (adv)

1.10 decisive

/dI"saIsIv/ (adj)

making decisions quickly and

with confidence

◆

If you are first

at the scene of an accident, taking
decisive action may save someone’s
life.

decision (n), decisiveness

(n), decide (v), decisively (adv)

1.11 motivated

/"m@UtIveItId/ (adj)

wanting to succeed

◆

a highly

motivated student

motivation

(n), motivator (n), motivate (v),
motivational (adj)

1.12 tend (to do sth)

/tend/ (v)

happen usually or often

◆

Although usually at work on time
the rest of the week, he tends to
arrive late on Mondays.

tendency

(n)

1.13 mingle

/"mINgl/ (v)

move around and talk to different

people in a group, usually at a
party

◆

Don’t just stand there on

your own! Go and mingle with the
other guests!

1.14 cautious

/"kO:S@s/ (adj)

careful about what you say or do

in order not to make mistakes or
take risks

◆

Having been bitten by

one as a child, Mark was always
cautious around dogs.

caution (n),

cautiously (adv)

1.15 inquisitive

/In"kwIz@tIv/ (adj)

very interested in finding out about

different things, asking a lot of
questions

◆

Cats have a reputation

for being inquisitive, and often get
into trouble because of it.

inquisitiveness (n), inquisitively

(adv)

1.16 assemble

/@"sembl/ (v)

put the separate pieces of sth

together, esp. furniture or products
in factories.

assembler (n)

1.17 scan

/sk&n/ (v)

look for particular information,

usu. quickly but also carefully

scanner (n)

1.18 set aside

/%set @"saId/ (phr v)

leave sth until later, not look at sth

1.19 leap in

/%li:p "In/ (phr v)

start doing sth quickly without

spending a long time thinking
first

◆

If only you’d listened to the

whole question before you leapt in
and gave the wrong answer, we
might have won the quiz!

1.20 stuck

/stVk/ (adj)

not able to continue because sth is

difficult

◆

None of us completed the

whole exam because we got stuck
on the last question.

stick (v)

What are you like?

Words and phrases

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1.21 efficient

/I"fISnt/

(adj)

doing sth well without wasting

time, money or energy

◆

It’s not an

efficient use of energy to have the
heating on and the windows open.

efficiency (n), efficiently (adv)

1.22 inventive

/In"ventIv/ (adj)

able to think of new and

interesting ideas

◆

I used to love

spending weekends with my uncle,
he was a very inventive man who
made up all sorts of games for us
to play.

invention (n), inventor

(n), inventiveness (n), invent (v),
inventively (adv)

1.23 hardly (any)

/"hA:dli/ (adv)

almost no/not/none, etc.

◆

Hardly

any of the survivors of the Titanic
disaster were still alive at the start
of this century.

Reading

1.24 relate (to)

/rI"leIt/ (v)

be connected with sth

◆

Pete’s

point is irrelevant because it
doesn’t relate to the same issue.

relation (n) L With people, the

passive is used to mean belonging
to the same family: According
to my grandfather, our family is
related to a famous Army general.

relation (n), relative (n)

1.25 eliminate

/I"lImIneIt/ (v)

remove sth that you don’t need

◆

Two suspects have been

eliminated from the police
investigation.

elimination (n)

1.26 body

/"bQdi/ (n)

organisation or group of people

who work or act together for an
official purpose

1.27 justify

/"dZVstIfaI/ (v)

show that sth is right or reasonable

◆

My son really wanted to see

Manchester United play, but I
couldn’t justify spending that
amount on a ticket for a football
match.

justification (n)

1.28 imply

/Im"plaI/ (v)

suggest without saying so directly

◆

Do you think Alan was implying

that I’ll never be considered for the
sales job? If so, I wish he would
just say so and explain why. L
Also: make it seem likely that sth
is true or exists

implication (n)

1.29 come up with
/%kVm "Vp wID/ (phr v)

produce, usu. results or ideas

1.30 tedious

/"ti:di@s/ (adj)

very

boring

tedium (n), tediously

(adv)

1.31 trait

/treIt/ (n)

particular quality that sth or

sb has, esp. personality

◆

My

husband’s worst trait is his
inability to make decisions.

1.32 inherit

/In"herIt/ (v)

be born with qualities or physical

features that are similar to those of
your parents or grandparents, etc.
L Also: receive money or property,
etc. after a person has died.

inheritance (n), inheritor (n)

1.33 counter-productive
/%kaUnt@ pr@"dVktIv/ (adj)

achieving the opposite effect to
what you had planned

◆

Negotiations with the men who

had taken the hostages proved
counter-productive as they only
increased their demands.

1.34 strengthen

/"streNT@n/ (v)

make sth stronger

strength (n),

strong (adj), strongly (adv)

1.35 self-image

/%self "ImIdZ/ (n)

idea you have of yourself, esp.

your appearance or abilities

Finding the real you

1.36 psychometric
/%saIk@"metrIk/

(adj)

used to measure mental abilities
and ways of thinking

◆

Many

more firms use psychometric
tests at interview these days to
measure candidates’ strengths and
weaknesses.

1.37 recruitment

/rI"kru:tm@nt/ (n)

finding new people for a company

or organisation

◆

After what felt

like a disastrous interview, she
was amazed when the recruitment
officer called to invite her the job.

recruit (n, v) L Recruit (v) has a

general meaning but (new) recruit
(n) is more commonly a (new)
member of the armed forces.

1.38 assess

/@"ses/

(v)

make a judgement about the

nature or quality of sth

assessment (n), assessor (n)

1.39 indicator

/"IndIkeIt@(r)/ (n)

measurement or value that shows

sth clearly

◆

These sales figures are

a clear indicator of the company’s
progress.

indication (n), indicate

(v), indicative (adj)

1.40 mushroom

/"mVSrUm/ (v)

rapidly grow or increase in number

◆

Small shops are struggling with

big out-of-town shopping centres
mushrooming all over the country.

1.41 combine

/k@m"baIn/ (v)

come together to form a single

thing

combination (n)

1.42 virtually

/"v3:Íu@li/ (adv)

very nearly (but not quite)

◆

It’s virtually impossible to keep

your eyes open when you sneeze.

virtual (adj)

1.43 dating agency
/"deItIN %eIÙ@nsi/ (n)

organisation that arranges meetings
between single people who are
looking for a relationship

1.44 swear by

/"swe@ baI/ (phr v)

believe that sth can be relied upon

to have a particular effect

◆

My

grandmother swears by lemon and
honey to cure a sore throat.

1.45 will

/wIl/ (n)

ability to control your thoughts

and feelings to achieve what you
want to do

◆

Jane had the will

and the skills needed to succeed
with her venture but she needed
financial support to get things
going.

will (v)

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1.46 be shipwrecked
/%bI "SIprekt/ (v)

be left somewhere after the ship

in which you were sailing has
sunk or been destroyed

◆

The

crew of a British ship shipwrecked
off the coast of Africa managed to
swim to land.

shipwreck (n),

shipwrecked (adj)

1.47 statistically

/st@"tIstIkli/ (adv)

according to information shown

by numbers

◆

This drug has been

statistically proven to work in 99%
of cases.

statistician (n), statistics

(n pl), statistical (adj)

1.48 appeal

/@"pi:l/ (n)

quality that makes sb/sth attractive

or interesting

appeal (v),

appealing (adj), appealingly (adv)

1.49 premise

/"premIs/ (n)

idea that forms the basis for a

theory

◆

This philosophy is based

on the premise that deep down we
are all good. L Most commonly
used with the definite article. Do
not confuse this with premises (n
pl), the buildings that a company
uses.

1.50 mate

/meIt/ (n)

partner, such as husband or wife

mating (n), mate (v) L The

derivatives are only used of animals.

1.51 subconscious
/sVb"kQnS@s/

(adj)

connected with feelings that we are
not aware of but that change how
we behave

the/your subconscious

(n), subconsciously (adv)

1.52 materialise

/m@"tI@ri@laIz/ (v)

start to exist as hoped or expected

◆

The good weather that we had

been promised failed to materialise.

materialisation (n)

1.53 vehicle

/"vi:@kl/ (n)

sth that can be used to express

your feelings or ideas, or as a way
of achieving sth

1.54 alienate

/"eIli@neIt/ (v)

make sb feel that they are not

part of sth

◆

Despite belonging to

the golf club for years, Ron was
alienated by all but a few members
once he had gone bankrupt.

alienation (n)

1.55 hi-tech

/%haI "tek/ (adj)

using the most modern machines

and equipment L This can also be
spelt high-tech.

1.56 intimate

/"IntIm@t/ (adj)

private and personal

◆

If you’re

referring to my divorce, I’m not
prepared to discuss an intimate
matter like that.

intimacy (n),

intimately (adv)

1.57 anonymous

/@"nQnIm@s/ (adj)

sth which does not reveal who you

are

◆

Don’t worry. Your comments

will remain anonymous and your
feedback will be handled in the
strictest confidence.

anonymity

(n), anonymously (adv)

1.58 compulsive

/k@m"pVlsIv/ (adj)

making you pay attention, because

sth is so interesting and exciting

◆

That new reality show is

compulsive viewing! I can’t turn it
off!

compulsion (n), compulsively

(adv) L compulsive can also have
a negative meaning: a compulsive
liar. Do not confuse this with
compulsory, sth that you must do.

1.59 hooked on

/"hUkt %Qn/ (adj)

liking something so much that you

want to do it as much as possible

◆

Igor had been hooked on chess

from a very young age and played
every day.

1.60 aspect

/"&spekt/ (n)

one of the parts of sth’s nature

or character

◆

The only aspect of

the job I never enjoyed was when
customers had complaints.

1.61 mundane

/mVn"deIn/ (adj)

not interesting or exciting, often

used to describe a job or how you
feel about your life

mundanity (n)

1.62 frivolous

/"frIv@l@s/ (adj)

silly, not very important in the

situation

◆

Sorry, I shouldn’t have

made that suggestion about going
by helicopter. I was being frivolous.

frivolity (n), frivolously (adv)

1.63 diligently

/"dIlIÙ@ntli/ (adv)

showing a lot of care and effort in

your work

◆

Dot worked diligently

all her life but never realised how
much it was appreciated until the
day of her leaving party.

diligence (n), diligent (adj)

1.64 blot

/blQt/ (n)

spot or mark, often of ink

blot (v)

1.65 nostalgic

/nQ"st&lÙIk/

(adj)

causing you to think affectionately,

or feeling affectionately about your
past

◆

Visiting the town where I’d

grown up 50 years earlier made me
feel very nostalgic.

nostalgia (n),

nostalgically (adv)

1.66 blazing

/"bleIzIN/ (adj)

full of strong angry emotion, noisy

◆

We had a blazing argument last

night and we still aren’t speaking
to each other.

blaze (n, v)

1.67 row

/raU/ (n)

noisy

argument

row (v)

1.68 account (for)

/@"kaUnt/ (phr v)

be or give an explanation for sth

◆

Perhaps the bad weather

accounted for the poor attendance
at the festival.

1.69 massive

/"m&sIv/ (adj)

very

big

◆

There was a massive

increase in applications for
university places the year before
tuition fees were due to be
introduced. L When referring to
people, massive generally has the
negative meaning of extremely fat.

massively (adv)

1.70 decidedly

/dI"saIdIdli/ (adv)

definitely and very obviously

◆

I

was upset by her remark, which was
decidedly hurtful.

decided (adj)

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1.71 seduce

/sI"dju:s/ (v)

persuade sb to do sth that they

would not normally do by making
it seem attractive

◆

Kate left the

company at the peak of her career,
seduced by the idea of living in
the country. L Also means to
persuade sb, in a pleasant and
tempting way, to have sex with
them.

seducer (n), seduction (n),

seductive (adj), seductively (adv)

1.72 insight

/"InsaIt/ (n)

ability to understand people or

situations accurately L Often
used with into sth.

◆

There was an

excellent documentary on TV last
night which gave a real insight into
how the Romans lived from day to
day.

insightful (adj)

1.73 span

/sp&n/ (v)

stretch across from one thing to

another

◆

The second bridge to

span the River Tejo in Lisbon was
completed just in time for EXPO 98.

span (n)

1.74 gulf

/gVlf/ (n)

big

difference

◆

Mother Teresa’s

work focused on reducing the gulf
between the rich and the poor.

1.75 cult

/kVlt/ (n)

sth fashionable or popular amongst

a specific group of people with
similar interests and tastes

1.76 corporation

/%kO:p@"reISn/ (n)

large company or business

corporate (adj)

1.77 predisposition
/%pri:dIsp@"zISn/

(n)

a tendency to behave or think

in a particular way

◆

According

to scientists women have a
predisposition to use the right hand
side of their brain more than men
do.

predispose (v)

1.78 intuitive

/In"tju:@tIv/ (adj)

able to understand sth without

knowing the facts

intuition (n),

intuitively (adv)

1.79 perceptive

/p@"septIv/ (adj)

able to notice things that are

not obvious

perception (n),

perceptively (adv), perceive (v)

1.80 public relations
/%pVblIk rI"leISnz/ (n)

the business of giving information

about a company or organisation
to create a good impression

◆

The company

’s demand for

compensation from one of the
world’s poorest nations was
described as ‘a public relations
disaster’.

1.81 mutter

/"mVt@(r)/ (v)

talk quietly in a negative way

◆

If you’ve got a problem with any

of this, come out and say it. Don’t
just sit there muttering.

mutter

(n), muttering (n)

1.82 darkly

/"dA:kli/ (adv)

in a threatening or unpleasant way

darkness (n), dark (adj)

1.83 agreeable

/@"gri:@bl/ (adj)

pleasant and easy to like

agreeably (adv)

1.84 conscientious
/%kQnSi"@nS@s/

(adj)

careful and concerned to do things

correctly

◆

Mark has contributed

well in class and maintained a
high standard in his homework.
He

is a most conscientious

pupil.

conscientiousness (n),

conscientiously (adv)

1.85 downside

/"daUnsaId/ (n)

disadvantage or negative aspect of

sth

◆

It’s much quicker by train,

but the downside is that it’s much
more expensive.

1.86 get on

/%get "Qn/ (phr v)

succeed

1.87 overly

/"@Uv@li/ (adv)

too,

excessively

1.88 prone (to sth, to do sth)
/pr@Un/

(adj)

likely to suffer from or do sth

negative

◆

You’ll find that this car

is far less prone to battery failure
than that old thing you had before.

1.89 burn out

/%b3:n "aUt/ (phr v)

work so hard that you are unable

to carry on

◆

Charlie has always

worked too hard. He’ll be burnt out
by 50.

burnout (n)

1.90 all the same
/%O:l D@ "seIm/ (idm)

despite

this

1.91 sub-industry
/"sVb %Ind@stri/ (n)

business activity that has only

started because another situation
created the demand

1.92 cheat

/Íi:t/ (v)

act in a dishonest way to get an

advantage, especially in a game,
exam, etc.

cheat (n)

1.93 spring up

/%sprIN "Vp/ (phr v)

appear suddenly, begin to exist

◆

After the Bruce Lee films were

first shown in cinemas, kung-
fu clubs seemed to spring up
everywhere overnight.

1.94 fake

/feIk/ (v)

make sth false appear to be

genuine, especially in order to
cheat sb

fake (n)

1.95 miserable

/"mIzr@bl/ (adj)

making you feel, or feeling, very

unhappy and uncomfortable

misery (n), miserably (adv)

1.96 obsession

/@b"seSn/ (n)

state of mind where sb thinks

too much and too often about a
particular thing or person in a
way that is not normal

obsess

(v), obsessive (adj), obsessively
(adv), obsessed (adj) L Usually
obsession/be obsessed with sth,
obsess/be obsessive about sth: She
won’t stop talking about hair colour
and make-up. She’s constantly
obsessing about her appearance.

1.97 invade

/In"veId/ (v)

enter somewhere in such large

numbers that it causes a problem

invader (n), invasion (n),

invasive (adj), invasively (adv)

1.98 wardrobe

/"wO:dr@Ub/ (n)

collection of clothes that sb wears

◆

Maria assured me that it was

common in her country to comment
on what people wore, but I found
her comments on my wardrobe
intensely irritating. L Also the
item of furniture in which you
hang clothes.

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1.99 self-centred

/%self "sent@d/ (adj)

thinking only of yourself and not

about the needs and feelings of
others

self-centredness (n)

1.100 navel gazing
/"neIvl %geIzIN/ (n)

thinking too much about a single

issue and not doing anything
practical about it or considering
the wider situation L Meaning
literally to look at your navel,
the small hollow or lump in your
stomach where the umbilical cord
was cut.

1.101 disabuse (sb of sth)
/%dIs@"bju:z/

(v)

tell sb that what they think is true

is in fact not true

◆

If you believe

that there are sufficient funds
for your proposed project, let me
disabuse you of that notion. We
need a much cheaper alternative.
L Formal

1.102 illusion

/I"lu:Zn/ (n)

sth that seems to exist but does

not

illusionist (n), illusory (adj)

1.103 potential

/p@"tenSl/ (n)

the necessary qualities for sth to

develop or for sb to succeed at sth

◆

Tim can imitate people brilliantly

and has the potential to become a
successful comedian.

potential

(adj), potentially (adv)

1.104 so be it

/%s@U "bi: It/ (idm)

used to show that you accept

sth and will not try to or cannot
change it

Vocabulary

1.105 withdrawn

/wID"drO:n/ (adj)

not wanting to speak to other

people

1.106 self-reliant
/%self rI"laI@nt/ (adj)

able to do things by yourself rather

than depending on other people

self-reliance (n)

Grammar

1.107 as a rule

/@z @ "ru:l/ (phr)

what usually happens

◆

I don’t

normally drink coffee as a rule, but
I really fancy one at the moment.

1.108 praise

/preIz/ (n)

the act of expressing approval or

admiration

◆

Mandy deserves a lot

of praise for being first in her class.

praise (v)

1.109 outfit

/"aUtfIt/ (n)

set of clothes that you wear

together, usu. for a particular
occasion or purpose

◆

Hundreds

of pounds are spent on wedding
outfits, and that’s not even for the
bride and groom! It’s madness!

outfitter (n), outfit (v)

1.110 manual

/"m&nju@l/ (n)

book of instructions for how to do

sth or use sth

1.111 put in

/%pUt "In/ (phr v)

spend, e.g. time or effort on sth

◆

James had put in eight hours’

work a day on the garden all
summer, but there was still a lot to
do.

input (n)

1.112 detest

/dI"test/ (v)

hate

detestation (n), detestable

(adj), detestably (adv)

1.113 fund

/fVnd/ (n)

money saved or made available for

a specific purpose

fund (v)

1.114 blossom

/"blQs@m/ (n)

flower on a tree or bush before the

fruit appears

blossom (v)

1.115 or so

/%O: "s@U/ (idm)

approximately,

about L Always

used after the noun phrase to
which it refers

1.116 as regards

/@z rI"gA:dz/ (idm)

referring to sth (or sb), often

introducing an idea in a general
way before you go on to talk
about it in more detail

◆

Our hotel

in Athens is already booked. As
regards travel arrangements, Jenny’s
looking into the possibility of early
morning flights from Heathrow.

1.117 laid-back

/%leId "b&k/ (adj)

relaxed, not worrying about anything

Listening

1.118 carried away (with sth)
/%k&rId @"weI/ (idm)

so excited by, or involved in, sth

that you don’t, e.g. notice anything
else that is happening around you

1.119 babble (on about sth)
/"b&bl/

(v)

talk quickly, hardly stopping

babble (n)

1.120 a mixed bag
/@ %mIkst "b&g/ (n)

group of people or things that are

very different. L With people,
this is more often used when the
mixture is surprising. Referring to
things rather than people, a mixed
bag often means a mixture of good
and bad things.

1.121 you could have

knocked me down with a
feather

/j@ kUd @v %nQkt mi

%daUn wID @ "feD@(r)/ (idm)

used to express surprise, usu. with a

pleasant surprise rather than a nasty
shock L The only part of the idiom
that changes is the object pronoun,
which can be any person singular
or plural (though me is more
common). You does not change.

1.122 at a loose end
/@t @ %lu:s "end/ (phr)

not having anything to do and not

knowing what you want to do

1.123 workwise

/"w3:kwaIz/ (adv)

concerning work, esp. to contrast

with another area of your life

◆

Workwise, things have been

going well, but we’ve had a lot of
problems with the house. L The
suffix -wise can be added to other
nouns to mean concerning, e.g.
musicwise, healthwise

1.124 inspired (by)

/In"spaI@d/ (adj)

given fresh ideas, confidence and

enthusiasm (to do sth)

inspiration (n), inspire (v)

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1.125 be taken aback
/%bi %teIkn @"b&k/ (idm)

be shocked and unable to speak

for a moment L More often used
in the past simple.

1.126 chatter (away)

/"tS&t@(r)/ (v)

talk quickly and continuously

about things that interest you but
that may not be very important

chat (n), chatty (adj)

1.127 occupy yourself (with sth/in

doing sth)

/"Qkj@paI jO:%self/ (v)

keep yourself busy doing sth

◆

To

fill the empty days once Albert had
died, Violet occupied herself with
baking cakes and selling them for
charity.

1.128

” apprehensive

/%&prI"hensIv/

(adj)

nervous or worried that sth bad

might happen

apprehension (n),

apprehensively (adv)

1.129

” fine arts /%faIn "A:ts/ (n)

collective term for painting,

sculpture, and other visual arts
(not music or dance)

1.130

” mosaic /m@U"zeIIk/ (n)

picture or pattern made by placing

together small pieces of coloured
stone, glass, etc.

◆

These fragments

of Roman mosaic were discovered
in the ruins of an old villa.

1.131

” weird /wI@d/ (adj)

strange

weirdness (n), weirdly

(adv)

1.132

” abstract /"&bstr&kt/ (adj)

representing things in symbols

and shapes rather than realistically

◆

The artist may refer to that

collection of childish scribbles as
abstract art, but frankly I don’t
call it art at all.

abstract (n),

abstractly (adv)

1.133

” scenario /sI"nA:ri@U/ (n)

visual

representation L More

commonly used to mean situation.

1.134

” gloomy /"glu:mi/ (adj)

sad or making you feel sad

gloom (n), gloominess (n),

gloomily (adv)

1.135

” finish up

/%fInIS "Vp/ (phr v)

end in a different way from how

sth started or was planned

◆

Once

a famous rock star, he finished up
working in a pub.

1.136

” get over

/%get "@Uv@(r)/ (phr v)

recover from an illness or sth

unpleasant

◆

I know it was a huge

shock when Dave left, but you’ll get
over it in time.

1.137

” as luck would have it

/@z %lVk wUd "h&v It/ (idm)

(usu.) fortunately (if sth pleasant

happens), (less often) unfortunately
(if sth unpleasant happens)

1.138

” paintballing

/"peInt%bO:lIN/

(n)

outdoor leisure activity in which

you use a special type of gun to fire
paint at your opponents, as if in a
real battle

go paintballing (v)

1.139

” mega-star

/"meg@ %stA:(r)/ (n)

very famous person, esp. in

pop music, films and sport

mega-stardom (n)

1.140

” diversification

/daI%v3:sIfI"keISn/

(n)

development of a wider range of

interests, skills or products

diversify (v)

1.141

” wreck /rek/ (n)

vehicle (or building) that is in very

bad condition

wreck (v)

1.142

” restore /rI"stO:(r)/ (v)

repair sth so that it looks as good

as it did originally

restoration

(n), restorer (n)

1.143

” flaw /flO:/ (n)

small mistake or fault in sth

L Can be figurative: a flaw in your
argument or literal: a flaw in the
pattern of the carpet

flawed (adj),

flawless (adj), flawlessly (adv)

1.144 broaden your horizons
/%brO:dn jO: h@"raIz@nz/ (idm)

extend the limits of your interests

or knowledge L The possessive
adjective can change to any
person, singular or plural.

1.145 outcome

/"aUtkVm/ (n)

the result or effect of an action

or event

◆

We don’t yet know

whether Granny’s hip operation
will be successful, but whatever the
outcome, she’s going to move to a
ground floor flat.

1.146 profitable

/"prQfIt@bl/ (adj)

making or likely to make money

profit (n), profitability (n),

profitably (adv)

1.147 dejected

/dI"dZektId/ (adj)

unhappy esp. because you are

disappointed about sth

dejection

(n), dejectedly (adv)

Speaking

1.148 as a matter of fact
/@z @ %m&t@r @v "f&kt/ (idm)

used to introduce more details

about sth you have said

◆

I’ve

started going to a badminton club
on Tuesdays. As a matter of fact,
it starts in ten minutes and I was
just about to go out. L It can also
contrast with what has just been
said

◆

What makes you think I

dislike Peter? As a matter of fact
he’s one of my closest friends.

1.149 essential

/I"senSl/ (adj)

absolutely

necessary

◆

It’s essential

that you bring the wine before our
guests arrive for dinner.

essential

(n), inessential (adj), essentially
(adv)

1.150 as far as I’m concerned

/@z %fA:r @z "aIm k@n%s3:nd/ (phr)

used to introduce your opinion

about sth

Use of English

1.151 gene

/dZi:n/ (n)

part of a cell which controls a

particular quality in a living thing

genetics (n unc), genetic (adj),

genetically (adv)

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1.152 receptive (to)

/rI"septIv/ (adj)

willing to listen to or accept new

ideas or suggestions

◆

She was

delighted she had such a receptive
audience for her first speech.

receptiveness (n)

1.153 alter

/"O:lt@(r)/ (v)

become or make sth different,

modify

◆

If we alter the length

of this dress, it would be more
appropriate for the wedding.

alteration (n)

1.154 bring about
/%brIN @"baUt/ (phr v)

cause

◆

The new tax law has

brought about a lot of criticism.

1.155 prospect

/"prQspekt/ (n)

the likely possibility that sth will

happen

◆

The prospect of not

having a summer holiday this
year is unbearable! This can also
be used to refer to sth that you
know or expect is going to happen,
usu. with either a very positive
or negative emotion: Mary was
delighted/horrified at the prospect
of having the house to herself for
two weeks while Dennis was away.

prospective (adj)

1.156 illustrate

/"Il@streIt/ (v)

make the meaning of sth clearer by

using examples

◆

To convince your

audience, you could illustrate your
points with some statistical data.

illustration (n), illustrative (adj)

1.157 (the) converse

/"kQnv3:s/ (n)

the opposite of a fact or statement

conversely (adv)

1.158 Finnish

/"fInIS/ (adj)

from

Finland

Finn (n), Finland (n)

1.159 outlook (on)

/"aUtlUk/ (n)

attitude to life and the world

◆

Spending all Friday evening in

Mick’s company, with his negative
outlook on life, was not what Janet
had planned.

1.160 susceptible (to)

/s@"sept@bl/

(adj)

likely to suffer from or be affected

by an illness or injury

◆

susceptibility (n, often n pl)

Vocabulary

1.161 with any luck

/%wID "eni %lVk/ (phr)

if things turn out well

1.162 the luck of the draw

/D@2 %lVk @v D@ "drO:/ (idm)

decided by chance

1.163 take pot luck

/%teIk %pQt "lVk/ (idm)

make a choice hoping that it will

be good, but without knowing
much about it

1.164 be out of luck

/bi %aUt @v "lVk/ (phr)

not be able to have something that

you normally could

1.165 beginner’s luck

/bI%gIn@z "lVk/ (n)

unexpected success when you do

something new

1.166 push your luck

/%pUS jO: "lVk/ (idm)

take a greater risk than is sensible

1.167 no such luck

/%n@U %sVtS "lVk/ (phr)

used to show disappointment that

sth you were hoping for did not
happen

1.168 by a stroke of luck

/baI @ %str@Uk @v "lVk/ (phr)

fortunately and unexpectedly

1.169 write-off

/"raIt %Qf/ (n)

a vehicle that is so badly damaged

in an accident that it is not worth
repairing

write sth off (

phr

v)

1.170 speeding

/"spi:dIN/ (n)

driving or riding a vehicle faster

than the legal limit

speed (n, v)

1.171 package holiday

/"p&kIdZ %hQl@deI/ (n)

a holiday organised by a company

at a fixed price that includes the
cost of travel, accommodation, etc.

1.172 modestly

/"mQdIstli/ (adv)

not talking much about your own

abilities

modesty (n), modest (adj)

Writing

1.173 highlight

/"haIlaIt/ (v)

mark a part of sth to help you see

it easily, usu. with a coloured pen
or on screen

highlighter (n)

1.174 reference

/"refr@ns/ (n)

letter written by sb who knows

you, giving information about your
character and abilities, especially
to a new employer

1.175 tutorial

/tju:"tO:ri@l/ (adj)

referring to a regular meeting

between a tutor and several
students

tutor (n), tutorial (n)

1.176 lose your temper

/%lu:z jO: "temp@(r)/ (idm)

become angry and not be able to

control your anger

1.177 resort

/rI"zO:t/ (n)

place where a lot of people go

on holiday, more specifically a
particular hotel and its grounds,
private beach, etc.

1.178 destination

/%destI"neISn/ (n)

place where sb is going or where

sth is being sent

1.179 cool

/ku:l/ (adj)

not excited or emotional even in

difficult situations

coolness (n),

coolly (adv)

1.180 collected

/k@"lektId/ (adj)

in control of yourself L The three

adjectives cool, calm, and collected
mean very similar things and are
often used together

1.181 concern

/k@n"s3:n/ (v)

be of interest to, affect L The

phrase To whom it may concern is
commonly used in job references
when the person writing it does
not have the name of the person to
whom they are writing.

concern (n)

1.182 bubbly

/"bVbli/ (adj)

lively, cheerful and talkative

1.183 down-to-earth

/%daUn tu "3:T/ (adj)

sensible and practical, in a way

that is friendly and helpful

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1.184 youth club

/"ju:T %klVb/ (n)

a club where young people (usu.

teenagers) meet and take part in
various activities

1.185 inclined (to do sth)

/In"klaInd/

(adj)

likely to do sth

◆

John’s not

inclined to lie, so I’d believe him if
I were you.

inclination (n)

1.186 come in (useful)

/%kVm In "(ju:sfl)/ (phr v)

be useful, often referring to a

specific job or situation

◆

I don’t

normally carry much small change
but it comes in useful for the coffee
machine at college.

1.187 accomplished

/@"kVmplISt/

(adj)

very good at a particular skill

◆

an

accomplished pianist L If no skill
is mentioned, this means having
a lot of different skills: highly
accomplished.

accomplishment

(n), accomplish (v)

1.188 lifeguard

/"laIfgA:d/ (n)

person at a swimming pool or on

a

beach whose responsibility is to

rescue people who are in danger in

the water

1.189 commonsense

/%kQm@n"sens/

(n)

ability to think about things in a

practical way and make sensible
decisions L Can also be spelt as
two words.

1.190 ensure

/In"SU@(r)/ (v)

make sure that sth happens, or

that sth is definite

1.191 access

/"&kses/ (n)

opportunity to use sth

◆

Gillian

was astonished to find that there
was no Internet access in the hotel,
even though it was mentioned in
the advert. access (v)

1.192 brainstorm

/"breInstO:m/ (v)

think of as many ideas as possible

for a specific purpose, usu. in
a short space of time (often in
a group)

brainstorming (n),

brainstorm (n) L brainstorm is
more correctly a term meaning a
sudden inability to think clearly,
but it is also now used as an
alternative to brainstorming.

Review

1.193 passionate

/"p&S@n@t/ (adj)

having strong feelings of

enthusiasm for sth or belief in sth

passion (n), passionately (adv)

1.194 entire

/In"taI@(r)/ (adj)

whole, including everything,

everyone or every part

◆

The entire

class stood up when the Principal
walked into the room. L Only
used before nouns, to emphasise
that the whole of sth is involved.

entirety (n) entirely (adv)

1.195 waxwork

/"w&ksw3:k/ (n)

model of a person that is made of

wax

1.196 competition

/%kQmp@"tISn/

(n)

situation in which organisations

(or people) compete with each
other to have the most, or for sth
that not everyone can have

◆

With the closure of the other

Thai restaurant in town, business
is thriving at Suree’s as there is no
local competition.

competitor (n),

compete (v)

1.197 long-term

/%lQN "t3:m/ (adj)

lasting or having an effect over a

long period of time

1.198 go swimmingly

/"swImINli/

(adv)

happen without any problems or

difficulties

◆

There’s no need to

worry, the arrangements for the
wedding are going swimmingly and
it should be a fantastic occasion.

Workbook

Reading

Better and better

1.199 still

/stIl/ (adj)

not moving, calm and quiet

◆

Please keep still while I brush

your hair.

1.200 reflect (on)

/rI"flekt/ (v)

think carefully and deeply about

sth

◆

Before I decide on such an

important issue, I’ll need some
time to reflect.

reflection (n)

1.201 prod (sb into doing sth)
/prQd/

(v)

try to make sb do sth, esp. when

they are unwilling

prod (n)

1.202 non-committal attitude

/%nQn k@%mItl "&tItju:d/ (phr)

not giving an opinion; not showing

which side of an argument you
agree with

◆

Paul has a rather non-

commital attitude to the problem. I
don’t really know what he thinks.

1.203 pessimistic

/%pesI "mIstIk/ (adj)

expecting bad things to happen

◆

I don’t know why Mike is so

pessimistic about his exam results.
He’s never failed an exam so far!

pessimism (n), pessimist (n),

pessimistically (adv)

1.204 pretty

/"prIti/ (adv)

quite, to some extent, fairly

◆

The

boots were pretty expensive, but I
bought them anyway.

1.205 spirits

/"spIrIts/ (n pl)

person’s feelings or state of mind

◆

My spirits sank when I realised

how much work I had to do.

1.206 pluck

/plVk/ (v)

take hold of sth and remove it

by pulling it

◆

She plucked the

banknotes from my grasp and ran
away.

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1.224 poison

/"pOIzn/ (v)

have a bad effect on sth

◆

His

constant criticism poisoned their
relationship and soon they did not
even speak to each other.

poison

(n), poisonous (adj)

1.225 vital

/"vaItl/ (adj)

necessary or essential

vitally (adv)

1.226 tune into
/%tju:n "Int@/ (phr v)

become aware of

◆

It’s difficult

to tune into what teenagers really
need nowadays.

1.227 perspective

/p@"spektIv/

(n)

way of thinking about sth or

attitude towards it

◆

The threat

of terrorism has put a whole new
perspective on foreign travel for
many people.

1.228 make up

/%meIk "Vp/ (phr v)

form

sth

◆

Children under sixteen

make up 20 per cent of the
population.

1.229 resolute

/"rez@lu:t/ (adj)

having or showing great

determination

◆

He was resolute

that there would be no exceptions
to the rule.

resoluteness (n),

resolutely (adv)

1.230 rationale (for/behind)
/%r&S@"nA:l/

(n)

principles or reasons which explain

a particular decision, course of
action, belief, etc.

◆

What is the

rationale behind the new changes
to the FCE exams?

rationalism

(n), rationalist (n), rationalise (v)

1.231 compelling

/k@m"pelIN/ (adj)

that makes you think sth

is definitely true

◆

There is

compelling evidence that the factory
has been polluting the nearby
river for years.

compel (v),

compellingly (adv)

1.232 work out

/%w3:k "aUt/ (phr v)

plan or think of sth, calculate sth

◆

I can’t work out why she hasn’t

phoned me. L When a plan/idea
etc. works out it is successful.

1.215 process

/"pr@Uses/ (n)

series of things that are done in

order to achieve a particular result

◆

Learning a foreign language can

be a slow process, but you should
not give up.

process (v)

1.216 martyr

/"mA:t@(r)/ (n)

person who works harder or

suffers more than they need to,
often in order to gain attention
or sympathy

◆

Don’t be such a

martyr! We can all help with the
housework.

1.217 stamina

/"st&mIn@/ (n)

the physical or mental strength that

enables you to do sth difficult for
long periods of time

◆

It takes a lot

of stamina to run a marathon.

1.218 regime

/reI"Zi:m/ (n)

method or system of organising

or managing sth

◆

I’m starting a

new exercise regime. I’m going to
go running every day and go to the
gym twice a week.

1.219 housemate

/"haUsmeIt/ (n)

person that you share a house with

1.220 chore

/ÍO:(r)/ (n)

task that you do regularly

◆

Household chores such as doing

the washing-up are really boring,
but someone has to do them!

1.221 adopt

/@"dQpt/ (v)

use a particular manner, way of

speaking, expression, etc.

◆

Adopting a more open-minded

attitude helps parents understand
their children better.

adoption (n)

1.222 component
/k@m "p@Un@nt/ (n)

one of several parts of which sth is

made

◆

Trust is a vital component

of friendship.

component (adj)

1.223 face up to
/%feIs "Vp t@/ (phr v)

accept and deal with sth that is

difficult or unpleasant

◆

Brad quit

his job and has to face up to the
fact that he might not find a new
one for some time.

1.207 non-negotiable
/%nQn nI"g@US@bl/ (adj)

that cannot be discussed or

changed

◆

Going to bed before nine

is non-negotiable on weekdays.
You can stay up until late only at
the weekends.

negotiation (n),

negotiate (v), negotiable (adj)

1.208 mind

/maInd/ (v)

be upset, annoyed or worried by

sth

◆

I really don’t mind the rain –

it’s the wind that I hate.

1.209 commute

/k@"mju:t/ (v)

travel regularly by bus, train, car,

etc. between your place of work
and your home

commuter (n)

1.210 option

/"QpSn/ (n)

choice, sth that you can choose

to have or do

◆

Students have

the option to study a number
of subjects, according to their
preferences.

optional (adj),

optionally (adv)

1.211 alternative

/O:l"t3:n@tIv/ (n)

thing that you can choose to

do or have out of two or more
possibilities

◆

You have two

alternatives: either you come with
us or you stay with Aunt Martha
for the weekend.

alternative

(adj), alternatively (adv)

1.212 affirming

/@"f3:mIN/ (adj)

that strengthens an idea or belief

◆

Making regular affirming

statements about yourself can help
you to improve your self-confidence.

affirm (v), affirmation (n),

affirmative (adj), affirmatively (adv)

1.213 tackle

/"t&kl/ (v)

make an effort to deal with a

difficult problem or situation

◆

The school is determined to

tackle hooliganism.

1.214 lateral thought
/%l&t@r@l "TO:t/ (n)

way of solving problems by using

your imagination to find new ways
of looking at the problem

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Vocabulary

1.248 moody

/"mu:di/ (adj)

having the way you are feeling at a

particular time change quickly and
often

◆

Paul is very moody – he

can be really angry one minute and
then perfectly calm the next.

mood (n)

1.249 consultation
/%kQns@l"teISn/

(n)

the act of discussing sth with sb

before making a decision about
it

◆

The decision was taken after

close consultation with the local
authorities. L Also: a meeting
with an expert, esp. a doctor, to
get advice or treatment

consult

(v), consultant (n)

1.250 offend

/@"fend/ (v)

make sb feel upset because of

sth you say or do that is rude or
embarrassing

◆

His rude comments

offended her, but she tried not to
show it.

offence (n), offended

(adj), offensive (adj), offensively
(adv)

Grammar

1.251 for the sake of it
/f@ D@ "seIk @v %It/ (phr)

doing sth because you want to, not

for any particular reason

◆

Don’t

just get married for the sake of it;
find someone you love first!

1.252 resort to

/rI"zO:t t@/ (phr v)

make use of sth, esp. sth bad, as

a means of achieving sth, often
because there is no other possible
solution

◆

I believe there is no

reason for parents to resort to
violence, whatever the problem!

1.253 maintain

/meIn"teIn/ (v)

keep a building, a machine, etc.

in good condition by checking or
repairing it regularly

maintenance (n)

1.241 fulfil

/fUl"fIl/ (v)

do or have what is required or

necessary

◆

You should always

fulfil your promises to your
children, otherwise they will lose
faith in you.

fulfilment (n),

fulfilling (adj)

1.242 relieve

/rI"li:v/ (v)

remove or reduce an unpleasant

feeling or pain

◆

These pills relieve

coughing caused by allergies. relief
(n)

1.243 initially

/I"nIS@li/ (adv)

at the beginning, at first

◆

Initially,

I thought Pam was his sister but
then I found out they’re cousins.

initial (adj, n, v), initiate (v)

1.244 predictable

/prI"dIkt@bl/ (adj)

if sth is predictable, you know

in advance that it will happen or
what it will be like

◆

The weather

here in summer is very predictable
– it’s sunny virtually every day.

predict (v), prediction (n),

predictability (n), unpredictable
(adj), (un)predictably (adv)

1.245 reinforce

/%ri:In"fO:s/ (v)

make sth stronger

◆

The climate

of political confusion has only
reinforced the country’s economic
decline.

reinforcement (n)

1.246 insignificant
/%InsIg"nIfIk@nt/

(adj)

not big or valuable enough to be

considered important

◆

I really

don’t understand why you are
making such a fuss over such
an insignificant mistake!

(in)

significance (n), signify (v),
significant (adj), (in)significantly
(adv)

1.247 communicate
/k@"mju:nIkeIt/

(v)

make your ideas, feelings,

thoughts, etc. known to other
people so that they understand
them

communication (n), (un)

communicative (adj)

1.233 soul mate

/"s@Ul %meIt/ (n)

person that you have a special

friendship with because you
understand each other

’s feelings

and interests

1.234 pay off

/%peI "Qf/ (phr v)

be successful and bring good

results

◆

I’m hoping all this hard

work will pay off in the end.

1.235 sour

/"saU@(r)/ (adj)

not cheerful, bad-tempered and

unpleasant

◆

Her sour expression

made it very clear that she wasn’t
enjoying the evening. L Also:
having a bitter taste like the taste
of a lemon or of fruit that is not
ripe

1.236 bubble

/"bVbl/ (n)

small amount of a feeling that sb

wants to express

◆

His smile gave

Kate a bubble of hope about the
future. L Also: a ball of air or gas
in a liquid or a solid substance
such as glass

1.237 look on the dark side
/%lUk Qn D@ "dA:k %saId/ (idm)

be pessimistic about a situation, by

thinking only of the disadvantages
and not the advantages

◆

If you

always look on the dark side of
a situation you will miss all the
opportunities it can bring.
L Opposite: look on the bright side.

1.238 contemplate
/"kQnt@mpleIt/

(v)

look at or consider thoughtfully

contemplation (n), contemplative

(adj), contemplatively (adv)

1.239 dispense with
/dI"spens wID/ (phr v)

get rid of sth or stop using it

because you no longer need it

◆

With these new laser printers you

can dispense with old-fashioned
inkjet printers for ever.

1.240 reject

/rI"Ùekt/ (v)

refuse to accept or consider sth

◆

Unfortunately, they rejected our

offer to help although I really believe
they needed it

rejection (n)

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1.274

” plausible /"plO:z@bl/ (adj)

good at sounding honest and

sincere, esp. when trying to trick
people

◆

Matt always had an

excuse for being late, but it never
sounded very plausible.

plausibility (n), implausible

(adj), (im)plausibly (adv)

1.275

” superficial /%su:p@"fISl/ (adj)

appearing to be true, real or

important until you look at it
more carefully

◆

When you first

meet her, she gives a superficial
impression of warmth and
friendliness.

superficiality (n),

superficially (adv)

1.276

” vulnerable (to)

/"vVln@r@bl/

(adj)

weak and easily hurt physically or

emotionally

◆

The little girl looked

very vulnerable standing there
on her own.

vulnerability (n),

vulnerably (adv)

1.277

” plague /pleIg/ (n)

disease spread by rats that causes

fever, swellings on the body and
usually death

1.278

” cease /si:s/ (v)

stop happening or existing

◆

The workers voted to cease their

strike only if their demands were
satisfied.

1.279

” exasperate

/Ig"z&sp@reIt/

(v)

annoy or irritate sb very much

◆

Children often exasperate their

parents with all the questions they
ask.

exasperation (n), exasperated

(adj), exasperating (adj)

1.280

” pursue /p@"sju:/ (v)

do sth or try to achieve sth over a

period of time

◆

My son wishes to

pursue a career in medicine.
L Also: follow or chase sb/sth in
order to catch them

pursuit (n),

pursuer (n)

1.281

” fall out (with)

/%fO:l "aUt/ (phr v)

quarrel with sb so that you are no

longer friendly with them

◆

Do you

know why Maggie and Pat have
fallen out and don’t speak to each
other?

1.264 official

/@"fISl/ (n)

person who is in a position of

authority in a large organisation

1.265 spectator

/spek"teIt@(r)/ (n)

person watching a live event

spectacle, (n), spectate (v)

1.266 scruffy

/"skrVfi/ (adj)

dirty or untidy

◆

No, Jenny, you

certainly can’t go to school in those
scruffy old jeans!

scruffiness (n),

scruffily (adv)

1.267 rucksack

/"rVks&k/ (n)

large bag carried on the back

and used esp. by people who go
climbing or walking

1.268 stationery

/"steIS@nri/ (n)

materials for writing and for using

in an office, for example paper,
pens and envelopes

1.269 pitch

/pItS/ (n)

area of ground specially prepared

and marked for playing a game
such as football

Listening

1.270 impression

/Im"preSn/ (n)

idea, feeling or opinion that you

get about sb/sth, or that sb/
sth gives you

◆

Lee didn’t say

anything about it, but I got the
impression she was unhappy in her
new job.

impressionable (adj)

1.271 let down

/%let "daUn/ (phr v)

fail to help or support sb as they

had hoped or expected

◆

I trust my

parents’ judgement because they
have never let me down.

1.272

” host /h@Ust/ (n)

person who invites guests to a

meal, a party, etc.

1.273

” devastated

/"dev@steItId/

(adj)

extremely upset and shocked

◆

When her cat was killed by a

passing car, she was devastated
and it took her a long time
to recover.

devastate (v),

devastating (adj), devastation (n)

1.254 credit note

/"kredIt %n@Ut/ (n)

letter that a shop gives you when

you have returned sth and that
allows you to have goods of the
same value in exchange

1.255 recall

/rI"kO:l/ (v)

remember

sth

◆

Do you recall the

name of your first teacher?

1.256 amendment (to)
/@"mendm@nt/

(n)

small change or improvement

◆

There’s been an amendment to

the school bus schedules, we will be
picking you up five minutes earlier.

amend (v)

1.257 boast (about)

/b@Ust/ (v)

talk with too much pride about sth

that you have or can do

◆

I know

Sally’s a good athlete, but she’s
always boasting about how fast she
can run.

boastful (adj)

1.258 strike

/straIk/ (v)

refuse to work as a protest

◆

The

council workers have decided to
strike for higher pay.

strike (n)

1.259 resident

/"rezId@nt/ (n)

person who lives in a particular

place

◆

The residents of the

apartment block have to pay an
annual maintenance charge.

1.260 premises

/"prem@sIz/ (n pl)

building and land near it that a

business owns or uses

◆

Notice to

all staff: Smoking is not allowed
anywhere on the premises.

1.261 terms

/t3:mz/ (n pl)

conditions that people offer,

demand or accept when they make
an agreement, an arrangement or
a contract

◆

You should check the

terms of the agreement before you
sign it.

1.262 thesis

/"Ti:sIs/ (n)

long piece of writing completed by

a student as part of a university
degree, based on their own research

1.263 baggage handler
/"b&gIÙ %h&ndl@(r)/ (n)

person employed to load and

unload baggage at airports

CAE Result © Oxford University Press

12

1.290 benefit

/"ben@fIt/ (n)

advantage that sth gives you,

helpful and useful effect that sth
has

beneficial (adj), beneficially

(adv)

1.291 ease

/i:z/ (n)

lack of difficulty

◆

Jackie came

first in the race with ease, everyone
else was far behind her.

ease (v),

easy (adj), easily (adv)

1.282

” refuge /"refju:Ù/ (n)

(a place of) safety and protection,

shelter from danger

◆

We’ve been

advised that if the hurricane hits us
we should take refuge in the cellar.

refugee (n)

1.283

” pack /p&k/ (n)

group of animals that hunt together

Use of English

1.284 mock

/mQk/ (adj)

not

real

◆

Before we take the final

examinations at school, our teacher
always gives us a mock exam for
practice.

mock (v), mocking (adj)

1.285 feedback

/"fi:db&k/ (n)

advice, criticism or information

about how good or useful sth
is

◆

We welcome both positive

and negative feedback from our
customers.

1.286 float

/fl@Ut/ (v)

move in a light way without

becoming fixed

◆

I’ve had this idea

floating around in my mind for
some time. L Also: move slowly on
water or in the air

flotation (n)

1.287 seek out

/%si:k "aUt/ (phr v)

look for and find sb/sth, esp.

when this means using a lot of
effort

◆

In our restaurant, we seek

out the best fruits and vegetables
for our clients.

1.288 capture

/"k&pÍ@(r)/ (v)

film/record/paint, etc. sb/sth

◆

In Guernica Picasso captures the

tragedy of the Spanish Civil War.
L Also: catch a person or an
animal and keep them in an
enclosed space

1.289 potential

/p@"tenSl/ (adj)

possible, that can develop into sth

or be developed in the future

◆

Before taking any medicine, you

should read the potential side-
effects it might have.

potentially (adv)