Adaptation

Modifying a text to make it suitable for a different purpose, target readership, region or country.

Background information

Information relating to the subject matter of the source text

Certified translation

A translation that has been certified

Computer-assisted translation (CAT)

Translation computer programs, such as translation memory.

Consecutive interpreting

Oral translation of a speaker's words into another language when the speaker has finished speaking or pauses for interpreting.

Discourse

Discourse refers to the entirety of an utterance. A discourse may be one of several overall types of genre

Equivalence

The concept that translation or interpretation must strive to transfer meaning from one language to its equivalent in another, taking into consideration the class, culture, profession, etc. of both the source and the target text or speech

Faithfulness

Faithfulness refers to how closely a translation preserves the meaning of the original.

Formal equivalence translation (FE)

Translation approach which attempts to retain the language forms of the original, regardless of whether or not they are the most natural way to express the original meaning.

Freelance translator

Self-employed translator

Genre

A particular class of speech events. Typical examples include: prayers, sermons, conversations, songs, speeches, poems, letters, and novels.

Gisting

Producing a rough or outline translation of a text to provide an insight into the subject and overall content of the source text.

Globalization

The process of adapting products or services to the global market.

Glossary

A kind of lexicographic product contains a short word list

Interpreter

Provides oral (spoken) translation of a speaker's words from one language into another

Interpreting, interpretation

The act of rendering spoken words from one language into another

Literal translation

Translation that closely adheres to the wording and construction of the source text.

Literary translator

Translator specialising in the translation of literature, such as fiction, biographies and poetry.

Mother-tongue

One's native language.

Parallel text

Text in the source or target language that is comparable to the text to be translated in terms of subject matter or text type.

Proof-reading

Checking a proof before printing to ensure that no mistakes have been made in typesetting.

Register

Register is a social level of language.

Revising

Editing. Reading a text to identify errors, inconsistencies, incorrect grammar and punctuation.

Simultaneous interpreting

Oral translation of speaker's words into another language while the speaker is speaking. The interpreter usually sits in a booth and uses audio equipment.

Source language

Language in which the text to be translated is written.

Source text

The text to be translated.

Standard page

Calibrated page. The size of a text.

Sworn translator

A translator who takes an oath and can produce a certified translation.

Target audience

The group of people that an interpreter addresses.

Target language

Language into which a text is to be translated.

Target readership

The group of people for which a text is translated.

Target text

The translation, i.e. the result of the translation process.

Text function

To provide instruction on the use of a product.

Text type

Class of text (e.g. abstract, news report, light fiction, commentary)

Translating

The act of rendering written text from one language into another, (cf. interpreting)

Translator

Renders written text from one or more languages into another language.

Transliteration

Transforming text from one script to another, usually based on phonetic equivalences.

Voice-over

Commentary in, e.g., a film by an unseen narrator.

Whispering

Similar to simultaneous interpreting, whereby the interpreter sits close to the listener and whispers the translation without technical aids.

Word count

A standard measure of the size of a text. (Are often priced on a per-word (US) or per-1000-word (GB) basis).

Word-for-word translation

In addition, the order of words of the original language will be followed as closely as possible.

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