INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS (1nd year, NKJO)

Choose one correct answer from the options given or fill in the blanks where necessary:

The English word pencil sharpener is an instance of a

simple word	compound word
complex word	complex compound word

Give an example of a word which has resulted from the process of clipping

• in English: …………………….

• in Polish: ………………………

The English sentence I don't know nobody here is a case of

negative harmony	single negation
multiple negation	illogical thinking

The ancestor of the Romance languages (e.g. French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian) is

Flemish	Latin
Norman	English

The word indecisive consists of

one morpheme	three morphemes
two morphemes	more than three morphemes

Derivational morphology accounts for the complex structure of one of the following words. Which one?

rowing	younger
falsifiable	trees

The Basque language is

• a member of the Finno-Ugric language family

• a language isolate

• an Indo-European language

• an extinct language

Inflectional morphology accounts for the complex structure of one of the following words. Which one?

rowing	jobless
youthfull	cork

English /*/ is

a dental nasal	a velar fricative
an post-alveolar fricative	a dental plosive

The author of the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary is

Paul Grice	Daniel Jones
John Wells	Noam Chomsky

The study of word structure is called

lexicography	semantics
lexicology	morphology

The English pronoun of address you

• is socially equivalent to the Polish address pronoun ty.

• is not socially equivalent to the Polish address pronoun ty.

Which branch of the Indo-European languages do Polish and Russian belong to:

• Romance languages

• Celtic languages

• Slavic languages

• Baltic languages

Between small and tiny, miniature there is a relation of

homophony	hyponymy
meronymy	synonymy

A phoneme is

• distinctive speech units that are capable of distinguishing words of different meanings

• a word or phrase

• the smallest unit that can change the meaning of a word

• a word or a compound

If somebody asks me “Is your wife a doctor” and I answer “Yes, she is working in the newly-built clinic”, I might by breaking:

Maxim of Manner	Maxim of Quality
Maxim of Quantity	Maxim of Relevance

Oral sounds are articulated

• with the nasal cavity closed

• with the oral cavity closed

• with both the oral and the nasal cavities closed

• with a glottal closure

Of the different types of affixes, English appears to make the most use of

• suffixes and circumfixes

• prefixes and suffixes

• prefixes and infixes

• infixes and circumfixes

English /**/ is

• a voiced dental fricative

• a voiceless dental stop

• a voiced post-alveolar affricate

• a voiceless alveolar stop

Which of the following languages is not a stress-timed language:

• Russian

• English

• Arabic

• Spanish

Cross-linguistically speaking, the first consonants acquired by children are:

• dental fricatives

• bilabial stops

• velar fricatives

• affricates

We say that two languages are genetically related if

• the two languages share the same syntactic categories

• the two languages derive from the same ancestor language

• there was a lot of lexical borrowing between one language and the other

• the two languages are mutually intelligible

If two language varieties differ in pronunciation only we call them

• idiolects

• accents

• styles

• dialects

Which of the following words belongs to a non-lexical category?

• but

• bad

• bat

• bite

/**/ is

• a long high vowel

• a high back vowel

• a high low vowel

• a nasal consonant

Between Polish and European there is a semantic relation of

• meronymy

• hyponymy

• homonymy

• antonymy

The science of speech sounds, their production, transmission and reception is called

• phonetics

• phonology

• morphology

• semantics

The kind of language characteristic of a given occupation is referred to as:

• argot

• idiolect

• jargon

• lexicon

The Romance group of languages includes (among others)

• Russian, Czech, Bulgarian

• English, Dutch, Danish

• Spanish, Catalan, French

• German, Icelandic, French

A scholar who focuses on the sentence structure is called

• a semanticist

• a syntactician

• a semiotician

• a contextualist

The process that turns the nasal /*/ into /*/ in the word bacon is called

• a progressive assimilation of manner

• a regressive assimilation of voice

• a regressive assimilation of place

• a progressive assimilation of place

The branch of linguistics that investigates the characteristic features of the language used by various social groups is called:

• comparative linguistics

• psycholinguistics

• sociolinguistics

• neurolinguistics

Give an example of two acronyms and alphabetisms in Polish and English

• Alphabetisms in English: ……………………. In Polish ……………………….

• Acronyms in English …………………….. in Polish: ………………………

The kind of language that mothers use while talking to their children is referred to as:

• baby talk

• motherese

• child language

• mother's dialect

Draw the appropriate tree structures for the following phrases:

drove carefully those shoes

never trust strangers criminally handsome

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