Glosariusz na podstawie piątego rozdziału książki
“Essential Ethnographic Methods”

 A

Accustomed – being in the habit of something.

Article - a literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.

Audiovisual techniques - some types, or methods of collecting field data, including ethnographical films, sound recordings etc.

B

Background - the space which is behind and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.

C

Case study - a process or record of research into the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

Census – a 100% sample or count of a specific unit in the research setting of interest to the researcher.

Census – Taking - a process, in which researcher creates census – a list of every person, household unit, or other unit in the research setting of his interest.

Checklist –  a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered.

Clan - a group of people interrelated by ancestry or marriage.

Code - a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others. 

Cost - effective - productive relative to the cost.

Collaborations –  to work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort.

(Social) Community - a group of people living in the same place (society) or having a particular characteristic in common.

Competition - the act of competing as for profit or a prize.

Counting - to listing and enumerating types of people, material items, locations, or other things that are important in situating the event, location, or activity more accurately in the context of the community.

Cross – sectional data - collection of data at a single point in time, whereas longitudinal refers to the collection of the same data from the same population at two or more points in time.

Cultural pattern - something that a culture shares or communicates through time.

Curiosity –  A desire to know or learn.

D

Data collection - Process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Domain - landed property, estate. Especially, the land about the mansion house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy.

E

Ettiquette - the customary code of polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular profession or group:

Ethnographic maps - maps showing the geographic distribution of, and spatial relationships between, the phenomena and objects of study of ethnography.

Event - activity sequences that can be bounded in time and space. That are larger, longer and more complex than single activities.

F

Facility - a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose.

Family - a group of people related by blood or marriage.

Field - a place where a subject of scientific study can be observed in its natural location or context.

Fieldnotes – a notes made by a researcher, who is doing some fieldwork.

Fieldwork - practical work conducted by a researcher in the field rather than in a library or an office.

Focus Group - a group of people assembled to participate in a guided discussion.

Full-time participation – participation for the entire time appropriate to an activity.

Feasible - capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are, in a practicable manner.

H

Hidden Population - a kind of a social group, which is very difficult, or even impossible for researcher to access into.

(Social) Hierarchy - a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

Homestead - a house and outbuildings.

Household - a house and its occupants regarded as a unit.

I

(Cultural) Identity - the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture.

Immersion - deep mental involvement in something.

Informant - a person from whom an anthropologist obtains information about language, dialect, or culture.

Institution - a society or organization founded for some important purpose.

Interview - an ethnographic method, which is a kind of a talk performed between researcher and informer. Very often the questions are prepared earlier, and have a form of questionairre.

Item - a small part that can be considered separately from the whole.

Indicator – an element that researchers select from among the universe of possible behaviors, beliefs, or materials to represent a concept important in their research.

L

Longitudinal - collection of the same data from the same population at two or more points in time.

Local - of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space.

M

Mapping - Process of creating graphic representations of information using spatial relationships within the graphic to represent some relationships within the data.

Member - one of the persons who compose a social group.

N

Non-participant Observation - Nonparticipant observation is a data collection method used extensively in case study research in which the researcher enters a social system to observe events, activities, and interactions with the aim of gaining a direct understanding of a phenomenon in its natural context. As a nonparticipant, the observer does not participate directly in the activities being observed.

O

Observation – what can be seen through the eyes of the ethnographer.

Outsider - someone who is not a member of a group.

Opportunity - a suitable combination of condition.

P

Part-time participation – participation involving less than the standard or customary time for an activity.

Participation - presence in and interaction with a site when an activity or event is occuring.

Participant Observation - data collection technique that requires the researcher to be present at, involved in, and recording the routine daily activities with people in the field setting.

(Cultural) Pattern - a regular and intelligible form or sequence discernible in the way in which something happens or is done.

Physical boundaries - All the specific elements of a human body, like height or weight, which may have a negative impact on some activities.

Possible – a quality or state of being possible.

Q

Questionairre - a research instrument, which includes a series of questions for informants.

Question - the act of asking.

R

Recordings - all the recorded materials from the field.

Research - The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Research capacity - encompasses research capacity at the levels of individuals, research groups, institutions, and nations. Measures on process, outcome, and impact are necessary to capture a comprehensive picture of research capacity.

Researcher - a person, who prerforms the research study.

Resident - a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis.

Ritual - a religious or other ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.

S

Sampling - to experience a place or an activity often of a first time.

Setting – a location identified as potentially important to a study, where behaviors and activities relevant to understanding the context of the study may occur.

Social boundaries - all the rules of society, or a personal situation (like for example poverty), which make some goals unable to achieve by a person.

Social class - a division of a society based on social and economic status.

Social competition - a situation, when two or more people, on entire groups compete between to achieve some goal.

Social cooperation - a situation, when a group of people interact to achieve some goal.

Social differences - recognized patterns of differences in appearance, income, or lifestyle that set people apart from one another and often rank them in relation to one another.

Social exclusion - the process in which individuals or entire communities of people are systematically blocked from rights, opportunities and resources (e.g. housing, employment, healthcare, civic engagement, democratic participation and due process) that are normally available to members of society and which are key to social integration.

Social group - two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.

Spatial arrangements - the property possessed by an array of things that have space between them.

Stigmatization - disapproval of a person or group on socially characteristic grounds, which serve to distinguish them, from other members of a society.

Structured observation - a systematic method of data collection, where there is considerable pre-coding and observation that normally takes place. In this method, the researcher records down all the events that he has observed in the field.

T

Tracking - the pursuit by following tracks or marks they left behind.

W

Welfare - the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group.

Write up - a short account of the news.