A^TPA***A^TPL***Q = (A^TPA)⁻¹***$\hat{x} = Q \bullet A^{T}\text{PL}$

$V = A\hat{x} - L$***$\hat{h} = h + V$***$m_{0} = \sqrt{\frac{V^{T}\text{PV}}{n - m}}$***$m_{H} = m_{0} \bullet \sqrt{srQ}$

C_h = m₀² • AQA^T***$m_{h} = \sqrt{srC_{h}}$***C_VV = m₀²[P⁻¹ − A(Q)A^T]

$m_{V} = \left\lbrack \sqrt{srC_{\text{VV}}} \right\rbrack$***$\frac{\left| V \right|}{m_{V}} < 2$