Summary p282

282 CONYERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE

3.    When the “if* clause expresses a doubtful con-dition in the futurę the imperfect subjunctive is used in the “if’ clause and the conditional (or the imperfect indicatWe)¹ in the conclusion:

Se chovesse nao iriamos If it should rain we (iamos).    would not go.

The same seąuence is used to indicate a doubtful or contrary-to-fact situation in the present:

Se eu fósse² rico viajaria If I were rich I would (viajava) todos os    travel every summer.

veroes.

4.    When the “if’ clause expresses a condition con-trary-to-fact in the past the pluperfect (past per-fect) subjunctive is used in the “if’ clause and the conditional perfect (or the pluperfect indica-tive)³ in the conclusion:

Se tivesse chovido nao If it had rained we would teriamos (tinhamos)    not have gone.

ido.

35. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS

There are two types of commands, familiar com-mands and polite, or less familiar, commands.

1. Familiar commands

Familiar commands are used with people with

whom one would use tu and its verb forms (see section 11 of Lesson 8). The familiar im-perative forms in the singular usually correspond to the third person singular of the present indica-tive and to the second person plural (familiar) without the finał s:

INFINmYE SINGULAR PLURAL

falar

aprender

partir

(fala)    (falai)    speak

(aprende)    (aprendei)    leam

(parte)    (parti)    leave

These forms are used to give only affirmative familiar commands. For negative familiar commands the second and fifth forms (both familiar) of the present subjunctive are used: ⁴

INFINITIVE	SINGULAR	PLURAL
falar	nao fales	ndo faleis	don’t speak
aprender	nao aprendas	nao aprendais	don’t leam
partir	nao parias	ndo partais	don’t

leave

Notę: As explained before, these forms are gen-erally to be avoided until the student understands their use and has occasion to use them.

1

The imperfect indicative is usuaily preferred in conver-sation.

2

fosse 0.

3

Preferred in conversation,    ■

4

Polite commands

Practically all commands, affirmative or negative, will be given with the third singular and plural forms of the present subjunctive. These forms will usually correspond to the third singular and plural forms of the present indicative but with