Quiz 6
19.11.09
Vanishing voices
Identity - who or what sb/sth is ; tożsamość
Vanishing - disappearing suddenly and/or in a way that you cannot explain; to stop existing; znikający
Unprecedented - that has never happened, been done or been known before; niespotykany
Communicate - to exchange information, news, ideas, etc. with sb
Diversity - a range of many people or things that are very different from each other syn.variety
The key to - a thing that makes you able to understand or achieve sth; syn. secret; kluczowy
Survival - the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger; przetrwanie
Westerner - a person who comes from or lives in the western part of the world, especially western Europe or N America
Communities - all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked about as a group
Extraordinary - unexpected, surprising or strange; syn. incredible; nadzwyczajny
Die out - to stop existing; wymierac
Assimilation - the act of assimilating sb or sth, or being assimilated; przyswojenie
Genocide - the murder of a whole race or group of people; ludobójstwo
Earthquake - a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface
Displace - to force people to move away from their home to another place; wysiedlac
Survivors - a person who continues to live, especially despite being nearly killed or experiencing great danger or difficulty; ocalali
Trauma - a mental condition caused by severe shock, especially when the harmful effects last for a long time
Displacement - the act of displacing sb/sth; the process of being displaced; wysiedlenie
Accompanied by - to happen or appear with sth else; towarzyszyc
Idiosyncratic - behaving, thinking in a particular way etc., especially when it is unusual; an unusual feature; specyficzny
Result in sth - to make sth happen
Dialect - the form of a language that is spoken in one area with grammar, words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language
Bilingualism - using two languages
Slip into - to pass into a particular state or situation, especially a difficult or unpleasant one; wśliznąc się
Self-conscious - done in a way that shows you are aware of the effect that is being produced; świadomy
Semilingualism -
Thence - from that place; following that; stamtąd, od tej pory, od tego czasu
Monolingualism - speaking or using only one language
Enable - to make it possible for sb to do sth
Species - a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name
Maintain - to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc
Encapsulated - to express the most important parts of sth in a few words, a small space or a single object; syn.sum up; streszczac, wyrażac zwięźle
Access - to reach, enter or use sth
Appreciate - to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth
Myth - a story from ancient times, especially one that was told to explain natural events or to describe the early history of a people; this type of story
Multiplicity - a great number and variety of sth; mnogośc
Curse - something that causes harm or evil; klątwa
Blessing - something that is good or helpful; błogosławieństwo
Establish - to start or create an organization, a system, etc. that is meant to last for a long time; zakładac, ustalac
Eliminate - to remove or get rid of sth/sb
Albeit - although: He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us. - aczkolwiek
Ancestors - a person in your family who lived a long time ago - przodkowie
Abandoned - left and no longer wanted, used or needed - opuszczony
Struggling - ~ (for sth) to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems: [v] a country struggling for independence - wysilać się
Master of sth - a person who is skilled at sth - mistrz czegoś
Secure (in the new language) - likely to continue or be successful for a long time SYN safe [zabespieczone, wyposażone]
Claims - to demand or ask for sth because you believe it is your legal right to own or to have it - żądania
Civil rights - the rights that every person in a society has - prawa obywatelskie
Reflect on - to think carefully and deeply about sth - rozmyślać, zastanawiąć się nad czymś
Unbearable - too painful, annoying or unpleasant to deal with or accept [syn] intolerable - nieznośny
Guilt - the fact that sb has done sth illegal - wina
Heritage - the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character - dziedzictwo
Linguists - the scientific study of language or of particular languages - językoznawstwo/lingwistyka
Pointless - having no purpose; not worth doing - bezsensowny
Archaeology - the study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and objects found in the ground - archeologia
Spots - a particular area or place - miejsca
Decades - a period of ten years - dekady
Monolingual - speaking or using only one language - jednojęzyczny
Civil war - a war between groups of people in the same country - wojna domowa
Stay put - if sb/sth stays put, they continue to be in the place where they are or where they have been put
Pressure on - the act of trying to persuade or to force sb to do sth - presja na
Dominant - more important, powerful or noticeable than other things - dominujący
decline - a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc - podupadać
Givie way (to the new languages) - to allow sb/sth to be or go first [dać pierwszeństwo czemuś]
Relevant - important, significant - znaczący
Caused a stir - to try to cause trouble - wywoływać poruszenie
Mourned - (for sb/sth) to feel and show sadness because sb has died; to feel sad because sth no longer exists or is no longer the same - opłakiwać
Stand for - to support sth - wspierać coś
A classic example - typical or traditional example - typowy przykład
Effort - the physical or mental energy that you need to do sth; sth that takes a lot of energy - trud
Frightening - making you feel afraid - przerażający
Staggering - so great, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe - zdumiewający
Eminently - (used to emphasize a positive quality) very; extremely - wybitnie
Treatments - something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make sb look and feel good - leczenie
Intellectual - connected with or using a person's ability to think in a logical way and understand things - intelektualny/umysłowy
Link - a connection between two or more people or things - połączenie
Modicum (of sth) - a fairly small amount, especially of sth good or pleasant - odrobina czegoś
Preservation - the act of keeping sth in its original state or in good condition - zachowanie czegoś, ochrona
Devoted to - having great love for sb/sth and being loyal to them - oddany
Sufficient - enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need - wystarzcający
The making of a hero
Intimidated - /In'tImIdeItId/ [not usually before noun] feeling frightened and not confident in a particular situation zastraszony,zahukany, onieśmielony
It would be easy to feel itimidiated by someone who has survived abduction by ….
Abduction - taking sb away illegally, especially using force SYN kidnapping uprowadzenie porwanie It would be easy to feel itimidiated by someone who has survived abduction by
Marathon - a long running race of about 42 kilometres or 26 miles maraton
Run the London mrathon
Lower - located below sth else, especially sth of the same type, or the other of a pair dolny
After losing lower right arm and leg in an accident…
Refreshingly - pleasantly new or different \ making you feel less tired or hot: ożywczy, ożywiający
Yet Chris Moon, is 39 refreshingly down to earth
Down to earth - (approving) sensible and practical, in a way that is helpful and friendly
Yet Chris Moon, is 39 refreshingly down to earth,
Initial - [only before noun] happening at the beginning; first: początkowy
Even the point of finding it difficult to keep the initial appoinments for this interview
Appointment - a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their work\ the act of choosing a person for a job or position of responsibility; the fact of being chosen for a job, etc. umówione spotkania Even the point of finding it difficult to keep the initial appoinments for this interview
prove sth (to sb) - to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that sth is true udowodnić povoing that even supreheroes can't be in two places at once
Superhero - (pl. -oes) a character in a story, film / movie, etc. who has unusual strength or power and uses it to help people; a real person who has done sth unusually brave to help sb povoing that even supreheroes can't be in two places at once
Appropriate - appropriate (for / to sth) suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances odpowiedni that this is a particulary appropriate title.
Title - the name of a book, poem, painting, piece of music tutuł
Evangelical - of or belonging to a Christian group that emphasizes the authority of the Bible and the importance of people being saved through faith \ wanting very much to persuade people to accept your views and opinions entuzjastyczny
zeal (for / in sth) -(formal) great energy or enthusiasm connected with sth that you feel strongly about zapał Not only does he talk about with an almost evangelical zeal about his desire to empower others to get the best out
Desire - a strong wish to have or do sth: pragnienie, chęć Not only does he talk about with an almost evangelical zeal about his desire to empower others to get the best out
Empower - to give sb the power or authority to do sth SYN authorize \ to give sb more control over their own life or the situation they are in zainspirować, dać siłę do działania
Not only does he talk about with an almost evangelical zeal about his desire to empower others to get the best out
Grim - looking or sounding very serious\ unpleasant and depressing\ ponury groźny
However grim it may seem
Potential - [only before noun] that can develop into sth or be developed in the future SYN possible: potencjalny reaching full potential and making use of our talents
involvement (in / with sth)- the act of taking part in sth SYN participation \ the act of giving a lot of time and attention to sth you care about:zaangażowanie
It's also about involvement with other people
make a difference - to have an effect / no effect on sb/sth: mieć wpływ na I wanted to make a difference, do something I could be trained in..
join - to become a member of an organization, a company, a club, etc.: the army - the part of a country's armed forces that fights on land zapisać się do armii so I decided to join the army…
graduate from - to complete a course in education, especially at high school: skończyć studia On graduating from Sandhurst..
be commissioned into -[usually passive] commission sb (as) sth to choose sb as an officer in one of the armed forces powołany HE WAS commissioned into the royal military police
infantry - soldiers who fight on foot piechota
unit - a group of people who work or live together, especially for a particular purpose
…and also served with several infantry units…
kidnap - (-pp-, NAmE also -p-) [vn] to take sb away illegally and keep them as a prisoner, especially in order to get money or sth else for returning them SYN abduct, seize: uprowadzić porywać When we were first kiddnapped, I thought I had no control…
assume - [vn] (formal) to pretend to have a particular feeling or quality SYN put on: zakładać But my one thought was never to assume the role of victim
victim - a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. ofiara
But my one thought was never to assume the role of victim
give up - to stop trying to do sth: zrezygnować z It would have been so easy to give up, but I quickly realised…
inactivity - not doing anything; not active \ not in use; not working: bezczynność, bierność that fear is a state of inactivity.
Purse - dążyć do czegoś, zajmować się czymś logic -a way of thinking or explaining sth \ sensible reasons for doing sth
You have to be positive and purse logic and reason.
reason - a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done\ a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth \ the power of the mind to think in a logical way, to understand and have opinions, etc. powód przyczyna You have to be positive and purse logic and reason.
driving force - strong and powerful; having a strong influence in making sth happen: siła napędowa That was, and still is, my driving force
break - [C] (informal) an opportunity to do sth, usually to get sth that you want or to achieve success- [szansa, przełom]
His big break could be said to have come shortly after he left hospital
shortly - soon wkrótce His big break could be said to have come shortly after he left hospital
opportunity to do - a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve sth SYN chance: okazja He looked on the accident as an opportynity to do something that would help him grow as a person
a masters digree in security management -he decided to do a masters digree in security management at the University of Leicster
risk - the possibility of sth bad happening at some time in the future; a situation that could be dangerous or have a bad result zaryzykować
He began to do risk management surveys for different companies
management - the act of running and controlling a business or similar organization\ the people who run and control a business or similar organization \ the act or skill of dealing with people or situations in a successful way
surveys - an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions
He began to do risk management surveys for different companies
leadership - the ability to be a leader or the qualities a good leader should have\ ] the state or position of being a leader \ a group of leaders of a particular organization, etc.: przywództwo while giving talks on leadership, dealing with chance and process of achievement
deal with - to solve a problem, perform a task, etc \ to be about sth zajmować się, poradzić sobie z czymś while giving talks on leadership, dealing with chance and process of achievement
achievement - a thing that sb has done successfully, especially using their own effort and skill\ the act or process of achieving sth osiągnięcie while giving talks on leadership, dealing with chance and process of achievement
aim - the purpose of doing sth; what sb is trying to achieve\ the action or skill of pointing a weapon at sb/sth dążyć He says his main aim is to try and motivate people..
performance - how well or badly you do sth; how well or badly sth works: he prefers to be called a performance enhancer rather than a motivational speaker.
enhancer- (technical) a substance or device that is designed to improve sth osoba pozytywnie wpływająca na sytuacje lub ludzi he prefers to be called a performance enhancer rather than a motivational speaker.
120. aim -[C] the purpose of doing sth; what sb is trying to achieve [ cel]
121. performance - [U, sing.] (formal) the act or process of performing a task, an action, etc [wykonanie]
122. enhancer { ɪnˈhɑːnt s-əʳ }- a substance or device that is designed to improve sth [polepszacz]
Performance enhancer- osoba wpływająca pozytywnie na ludzi/sytuacje
123. motivational- of or relating to motivation [motywacyjny, zachęcający]
124. privilege- { ˈprɪv.ᵊl.ɪʤ,} [sing.] something that you are proud and lucky to have the opportunity to do SYN honour- [zaszczyt, honor]
125. run sb own business- manage- to be in charge of a business [prowadzić własny biznes]
126. dairy {ˈdeə.r|i}(business)- a company that sells milk, eggs, cheese and other milk products [sklep z nabiałem, mleczarnia]
127. set up (a business) - a way of organizing sth; a system [zakładać]
128. obviously {ˈɒb.vi.əsli}- used when giving information that you expect other people to know already or agree with SYN clearly [oczywiście, wyraźnie]
129. completing (the degree)- [not before noun] finished [kończąc]
130. plenty of- a large amount; as much or as many as you need [dużo, mnóstwo, obficie)
131. job offer(s)- A job offer is the formal communication made by an employer to a job candidate in which the employer offers a job to the individual [propozycja/-e pracy]
132. focus on - to give attention, effort, etc. to one particular subject, situation or person rather than another [koncentracja, skupienie]
133. charity- [C] an organization for helping people in need [instytucja charytatywna]
134. employee(s)- a person who is paid to work for sb [pracownik]
135. specialise in- to become an expert in a particular area of work, study or business; to spend more time on one area of work, etc. than on others [specjalizować się]
136. mine- a type of bomb that is hidden under the ground or in the sea and that explodes when sb/sth touches it [mina]
137. clearance-{ ˈklɪə.rᵊnt s } [C, U] the removal of things that are not wanted [oczyszczenie (terenu), usunięcie]
138. agricultural- relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming [rolniczy, rolny]
139. command (experience)- [U] control and authority over a situation or a group of people- [dowództwo, kierownicze stanowisko]
140. keen to (get involved)- wanting to do sth or wanting sth to happen very much SYN eager- [chętny]
141. abducted { əbˈdʌkt-ɪd}- [vn] to take sb away illegally, especially using force SYN kidnap [porwany, uprowadzony]
142. profound- very great; felt or experienced very strongly [głęboki]
143. effect on- a change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else; a result [wpływ]
144. challenge (the concept)- [vn] to question whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc.; to refuse to accept sth SYN dispute [wyzwanie, sprzeciwiać się, wnosić sprzeciw]
145. the disabled scrapheap- (informal) no longer wanted disabled or considered useful [niepełnosprawni na marginesie społeczeństwa, na złomowisku/śmietnisku ]
146. able-bodied- physically healthy, fit and strong in contrast to sb who is weak or disabled [sprawny fizycznie, silny I zdrowy]
147. integrated- [usually before noun] in which many different parts are closely connected and work successfully together [zintegrowany]
148. solve (problems)- to find a way of dealing with a problem or difficult situation [rozwiązać]
149. human resources- (abbr. HR) [U+sing./pl. v.] the department in a company that deals with employing and training people SYN personnel [department zasobów ludzkich ]
150. downhearted {ˌdaʊnˈhɑː.tɪd}- [not before noun] feeling depressed or sad [smutny I zniechęcony]
151. statistically proven- [only before noun] tested and shown to be true by statistic [udowodniony na podstawie statystyk]
152. sounds good to me- brzmi nieźle jak dla mnie
153. will- (also tes·ta·ment) [C] a legal document that says what is to happen to sb's money and property after they die [wola, ostatnia wola]
154. blow(n) up (by a mine)- to explode; to be destroyed by an explosion [wysadzić ]
155. supposedly {səˈpəʊ.zɪd.li}- according to what is generally thought or believed but not known for certain SYN allegedly [rzekomo, podobnie]
156. agriculture- [U] the science or practice of farming [rolnictwo]
157. take a year out- to take away [zabrać]
158. volunteer- a person who does a job without being paid for it [wolontariusz]