Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

1

INTELLIGENCE

I.

Read the texts below and do the tasks (Przeczytaj poniższe teksty i wykonaj

zadania)

1. Complete the first test with prepositions. (Uzupełnij pierwszy tekst przyimkami)

What is intelligence?

Defining intelligence is highly problematic. Is there an 'intelligence' that equips us to solve all
kinds 1 … problems and answer all questions, regardless 2 … their nature? Or are there
different intelligences that help us deal 3 … particular problems and solutions? The scientific
community is divided on the issue.
In spring 1998, Robert Plomin claimed to have discovered a gene linked 4 … intelligence.
More recently, the Human Genome Project is cautious when approaching areas implying
racial differences since research actually shows greater genetic differences within races than 5
… races.
However, not all individuals are endowed 6 … the same intelligence and many believe this
must have something to do 7 … our genes and the way they interact with the environment.
Identical twins are more likely to obtain the same score in an IQ test than twins 8 … two
separate eggs that have a different genetic make up.
It is important to remember that genes work 9 … interacting with the environment, so social
factors will also influence intelligence. Intelligence tests may be more of an assessment 10 …
social factors, such as your educational background.
Black children adopted into white middle class families score significantly higher 11 …
average than those 12 … working class families- implying a cultural bias 13 … tests. It is
impossible to devise questions 14 … some cultural or gender bias; boys tend to do better 15
… spatial tests whereas girls score higher on linguistic tests.

BBC science

2. Find words in the second text that are described by the definitions (Znajdź w drugim
tekście słowa opisane przez definicje)

Recipe for intelligence

Better schooling, parenting and increased leisure time for activities are believed to have
influenced improved IQ scores across the board. Good nutrition means an individual is able to
function well both physically and mentally. Although many believe this plays a role in
intelligence, it is very difficult to assess. A balanced diet will provide all the foods required to
maintain the correct balance of neurotransmitters.

BBC science

a)

relating to the health or state of someone's mind

b)

the process of giving or getting the right type of food for good health and growth

c)

to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it

d)

to make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before

e)

time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

2

3. Complete the third text with correct forms of the words given. (Uzupełnij trzeci tekst
właściwymi formami podanych wyrazów)

Artificial Intelligence

Can a machine behave like a person? This question underlies artificial intelligence (AI), the
study of intelligent behavior in machines. In the 1980s, AI research focused on creating
machines that could 1 … problems and reason like humans. One of the most difficult
problems in artificial 2 … is that of 3 …. A consciousness gives us feelings and makes us
aware of our own 4 …. But scientists have found it difficult getting robots to carry out even
the 5 … of cognitive tasks. Creating a self-aware robot with real feelings is a 6 … challenge
faced by scientists hoping to mimic human intelligence in a machine. Since the early 1990s,
7… have concentrated on developing smaller, 8 … robots instead of trying to 9 … human
intelligence. The model for many of these machines is insect intelligence, which is - in its
own way – very sophisticated

BBC science

SOLUTION

INTELLIGENT

CONSCIOUS

EXIST

SIMPLE

SIGN

RESEARCH

DEPEND

CREATE

4. Match the words from the texts with their Polish translations. (Połącz wyrazy z
tekstów z ich polskim tłumaczeniem)

independent

Wyszukany

spatial

Niezależny

focused

Świadomy

sophisticated

Myślowy

leisure

Świadomość

maintain

Rozumować

aware

Skupiony

bias

Sztuczny

nutrition

Być podstawą

devise

Utrzymać

artificial

Odżywianie

increased

Wpływać

reason

Wolny

recipe

Wzrastać

cognitive

Rodzicielstwo

significantly

Przestrzenny

obtain

Stworzyć

parenting

Uprzedzenie

underlies

Średnia

assessment

Znacząco

influenced

Ocena

consciousness

Uzyskać

average

Obdarzony

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

3

II.

MODAL VERBS REVIEW: Complete the sentences with correct modal verbs.

(Uzupełnij zdania właściwymi czasownikami modalnymi)

REMEMBER:

Present

modal verbs:

can, could, may, might, should, will, must, need

Past

modal verbs:

could, might, would

Past

modal verbs with a different meaning:

can have, could have, may have, might have,

should have, would have, must have, needn’t have

I

can/could

tell you (= mogę ci powiedzieć)

PRESENT

I

could

tell you (= mogłam ci powiedzieć – nikt mi nie zabronił)

PAST

I

could have told

you (= mogłam ci powiedzieć – ale nie powiedziałam)

PAST

I

can’t

tell you (= nie mogę ci powiedzieć)

PRESENT

I

couldn’t

tell you (= nie mogłam ci powiedzieć)

PAST

I

couldn’t have told

you (na pewno ci nie powiedziałam)

PAST

She

may/might

go (= może iść / może pójdzie)

PRESENT

She

may/might have gone

(= być może poszła)

PAST

He

should

go to the doctor (= powinien iść do lekarza)

PRESENT

He

should have gone

to the doctor (= powinien był pójść do lekarza)

PAST

I

must

go (= muszę iść)

PRESENT

I

had to

go (= musiałam iść)

PAST

I

must have gone

(= na pewno poszłam)

PAST

I

don’t need

to go (= nie muszę iść)

PRESENT

I

didn’t need

to go (= nie musiałam iść)

PAST

I

needn’t have gone

(= niepotrzebnie poszłam)

PAST

1. Put the correct modal verb in its correct form combined with the verb in
brackets to make deductions. (Wstaw odpowiedni czasownik modalny wraz z
czasownikiem podanym w nawiasie)

Situation : They went on holiday but the window is open

1. They …………………… (

forget

) to close the window.

2. Their daughter …………………… (

be

) at home at the moment.

3. There …………………… (

be

) a burglary last night.

Situation : She left her purse at home.

4. She …………………… (

forget

) to take it.

5. She …………………… (

not need

) it.

6. There …………………… (

be

) some logical reason for it

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

4

2. Put the correct modal verb in its correct form into the gaps. Wstaw
odpowiedni modal we właściwej formie)

1.

He was very talented; he …………… paint and sing at the same time.

2.

We …………… umbrellas; we wouldn’t have got wet.

3.

The picture was so small that I …………… see all the details.

4.

You …………… try this salad it’s delicious!

5.

NOTICE: All books …………… returned to the library by Friday

6.

You …………… me in a pub, I wasn’t there! I was learning all night.

7.

You …………… smoke here. It’s a non- smoking area.

8.

We …………… hurry; we had plenty of time.

9.

She …………… him the truth. Only she knew about it.

3. Complete these sentences in an appropriate way. (Uzupełnij zdania)

1.

I left my car here and now it's gone.

Someone …………… (

steal

) it.

2.

I brought some food.

You …………… (

bring

) food; we have loads in the fridge.

3.

I have read Beowulf for the exam.

You …………… (

read

) it. It’s not on the list

Key

1.

of

2.

of

3.

with

4.

with

5.

between

6.

with

7.

with

8.

from

9.

by

10.

of

11.

on

12.

in

13.

to / towards

14.

without

15.

in

a)

mental

b)

nutrition

c)

assess

d)

maintain

e)

leisure

1.

solve

2.

intelligence

3.

consciousness

4.

existence

5.

simplest

6.

significant

7.

researchers

8.

independent

9.

recreate

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

5

Sophisticated

Wyszukany

Independent

Niezależny

Aware

Świadomy

Cognitive

Myślowy

Consciousness

Świadomość

Reason

Rozumować

Focused

Skupiony

Artificial

Sztuczny

Underlie

Być podstawą

Maintain

Utrzymać

Nutrition

Odżywianie

Influence

Wpływać

Leisure

Wolny

Increase

Wzrastać

Parenting

Rodzicielstwo

Spatial

Przestrzenny

Devise

Stworzyć

Bias

Uprzedzenie

Average

Średnia

Significantly

Znacząco

Assessment

Ocena

Obtain

Uzyskać

Endowed

Obdarzony

II

1.

1.

may/might have forgotten

2.

may/might be

3.

may/might/can/could have been

4.

may/might have forgotten

5.

may not need

6.

must be

2.

1.

could

2.

should have taken

3.

couldn’t

4.

must

5.

must be

6.

can’t have seen

7.

mustn’t

8.

didn’t need to

9.

must have told

3.

1.

must have stolen

2.

needn’t have brought

3.

needn’t have read