30

40

50

60

10

20

30

40

Tropic

of

Cancer

10

20

30

30

40

50

40

Black Sea

Caspian

Sea

Urmia

Lake

Tig

ris

Van

Lake

Eup

hrat

es

Mediterranean Sea

Bosporus

Dardanelles

Aegean

Sea

Gulf

Persian

Aral

Sea

Gulf of

Aqaba

Strait of

Hormuz

Suez

Gu

lf of

Canal

Suez

Dead Sea

Gulf of

Oman

Amu

Dar

ya

Arabian Sea

Gulf of Aden

T'ana

Hayk'

Nile

Blu

e

W

hite

Nile

Nil

e

Mandeb

Bab el

Red

Sea

BC

60

-

SAUDI

ARABIA

SUDAN

EGYPT

TURKEY

BULGARIA

ROM.

ETHIOPIA

SOMALIA

RUSSIA

CYPRUS

JORDAN

ISRAEL

GREECE

ARMENIA

OMAN

PAK.

KUWAIT

UNITED ARAB

EMIRATES

(YEMEN)

I R A N

TURKMENISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

GEORGIA

AZERBAIJAN

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

OMAN

SYRIA

I R A Q

AFG.

UKR.

BAHRAIN

QATAR

YEMEN

LEBANON

KAZAKHSTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

Socotra

Administrative

Boundary

Bucharest

Sofia

Baku

Ankara

Ashgabat

Athens

Damascus

Baghdad

Amman

Cairo

Kuwait

Manama

Riyadh

Muscat

Khartoum

Sanaa

Asmara

Addis Ababa

Krasnodar

Istanbul

Izmir

.

.

Adana

Aleppo

Karkuk

Al Basrah

¸

Jerusalem

Alexandria

Mecca

Massawa

Jiddah

Port Sudan

Aswan

Said

Port

Aden

Abadan

'Abbas

Mosul

Ahvaz

Mashhad

Zahedan

Esfahan

Mary

Herat

Bukhoro

Groznyy

Bursa

Konya

Samsun

Kayseri

Gaziantep

Bat'umi

Crete

Golan

West Bank*

Gaza Strip*

De Facto

Boundary

De Facto Boundary

boundary

no defined

Dhahran

Diyarbakir

Tabriz

-

-

- -

-

-

-

Shiraz

-

Dashhowuz

Nukus

Sumqayit

Sokhumi

Sevastopol'

Constanta

Varna

Thessaloníkí

-

Arbil

Al Jizah

Suez

Asyut

-

-

Omdurman

Wad

Madani

Djibouti

Berbera

Hargeysa

Al Mukalla

Al

Hudaydah

-

Abu

Dhabi

Doha

Ad Dammam

Al Jubayl

-

Medina

Beirut

Nicosia

Latakia

Hims

'Aqabah

Yanbu'

al Bahr

Jizan

Al

Yerevan

Luxor

Heights

Haifa

Trabzon

Denizli

Antalya

Erzurum

Van

Al Ghaydah

-

Salalah

Nebitdag

Bushehr

-

-

Kerman

Qazvin

Zanjan

Rasht

Arak

Qom

-

An Nasiriyah

-

-

Hala'ib

¸

Aqtau

(Aktau)

-

Ha'il

Buraydah

-

-

Dubai

Tabuk

Hafar

Dese

-

Provisional

Administrative Line

al Batin

-

T'bilisi

Kermanshah

Bandar

Türkmenbashy

Icel

(Mersin)

.

Abha

MIDDLE EAST

Turkmenabat

(Chärjew)

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

Mount

Qolleh-ye

Damavand

Ararat

Europe, 5633 m)

(highest point in

Europe, -28 m)

(lowest point in

(lowest point in Asia, -408 m)

+

+

+

Gora El'brus

Tehran

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

¸

-

-

-

802792AI (R02107) 4-01

Boundary representation is

not necessarily authoritative.

Scale 1:21,000,000

300 Miles

300 Kilometers

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection,

standard parallels 12°N and 38°N

0

0

-

¸

-

-

Z

A

G

R

O

S

M

O

U

N

T

A

I

N

S

T

A

U

R

U

S

M

O

U

N

T

A

I

N

S

C A

U C

A

S

U

S

M

O

U N

T

A

I

N

S

S Y R I A N

N U B I A N

W E S T E R N

QATTARA

DEPRESSION

D E S E R T

D A S H

T - E L U

T

D E S E R T

Lac'Assal

D E S E R T

PENINSULA

SINAI

R U B' A L K H A L I

D O

G

U K

A

R

A D

E

N I

Z

D

A

G

L

A R

I

H

E

J

A

Z

A

S

I

R

EL

B

U

R

Z

M

TS.

(lowest point in Africa, -155 m)

G

R

E

A

T

R

IF

T

V

A

LL

E

Y

K O P P E H D A G H

G A R A G U M

Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like

nearly all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv.

West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current

status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement --

permanent status to be determined through further negotiation.

Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied Syria.