Solutions

• Contain drug/drugs dissolved in water or

alcohol

– for internal and external use
– for injections

• Bottles containing 100-200 g of liquid
• The single therapeutic dose is 1-20 ml

• Containing insoluble substances =

suspensions

• Always shake before use

SoIutiones ad usum externum

Water-based solution

Acidum boricum 2%

Rp.

Acidi borici 2% sol. 100,0

S. Use externally to clean the skin around
wound

Alcohol-based solution:

Acidum salicylicum 2%

Rezorcinolum 2%

Rp.

Acidi salicylici

Rezorcinoli aa 1.0

Ethanoli 70°

ad 50.0

M.f. solutio

S. Use externally for disinfection

3% Hydrogenium peroxydum dilutum

Rp.

Hydrogenii peroxydi diluti 100,0

S. Use externaly to clean the

woundy

Glycerol-based solution for brushing the
oral mucose:

Iodum purum 1%

Kalium iodidum 10%

Rp.

Iodi puri

0,5

Kalii iodidi

5,0

Menthae pip. Olei gtts. IV

Glyceroli ad

50,0

M. f. solutio

S. Apply locally, on infected areas
of oral cavity

Solutions for internal use

May contain additives correcting
taste:
-Sirups

-Sirupus simplex

-Tincturae

-Tincturae auranthii

Solutions, drops etc.

Calculations

For example:
Content of drug in solution- 20 mg/1ml
Dosing - 4 mg/kg b.m. daily in 2 doses; child 15 kg

daily dose = 15 · 4 = 60 mg

20 mg - in 1 ml
60 mg - in x ml
60 mg · 1ml

X = --------------------- = 3 ml

20 mg

Daily dose = 3 ml

Bromhexine for an 8 y.o. child –

indicate how many ml should be taken

Bromhexin Apofri 0,8 mg/ml och 1,6mg/ml oral lösning
Bromhexin Apofri tilhandahålls i förpackningarna 125 ml, 200 ml och
250 ml.

- Vanlig dos för vuxna och barn över 12 år: 8 mg 3 gånger
dagligen.
- Vanlig dos för barn 6-12 år: 2-4 mg 3 gånger dagligen.

-Vanlig dos för barn 1-5 år: 2 mg 3 gånger dagligen.

Rp.

Bromhexin Apofri

0.0008/ml

bottle a 125 ml
Lag No 1
S. Give …. ml 3x daily.

1 ml – 0.8 mg
X ml – 2 mg

2 mg · 1 ml

X= -------------------------- = 2.5 ml

0.8 mg

Rp. Loratadine for a 4 y.o. child 18

kg b.m.

Available: Claritine tabl. á 10 mg, sirup 10 mg/1ml;

Dosage:

2-12 y.o. ≤30 kg : 5 mg/kg/day; 1-2 doses
>30 kg : 10 mg/kg/day;1-2 doses
>12 y.o. – 10 mg/kg/day; 1 dose

Rp.

Claritine 0.01/1 ml
sirup
Lag. No. 1
S. 4.5 ml every 12 hours

5mg/kg·18 kg=90 mg/day
10 mg – 1ml
90 mg- 9 ml

Drops

• Water 1 ml = 1 g= 20 drops
• Alcohol 1ml =50 drops
• Liquid form of drugs containing the

dose in the small amount of solution

• Bottle usually contains 5-20 ml of

drops

• Dosage: usually 5-30 drops

For example:
Content of drug in oral drops - 10 mg/1ml
Dosing - 2 mg/kg b.m. daily in 2 doses; child 15 kg

daily dose = 15 · 2 = 30 mg

10 mg - in 1 ml
30 mg - in x ml

30 mg · 1ml

X = --------------------- = 3 ml

10 mg

Daily dose = 3 ml = 3 · 20 drops = 60 drops
The single dose = 60:2 = 30 drops

Cetirizine
1. for a 4 y.o. child in drops
2. for a 10 y.o. child – 38 kg body mass

Available:
Oral drops 10 mg/ml; Oral solution 1 mg/ml;

Tablets 10mg

Dosage:
Adults and >12 y.o. 10 mg 1x/day
Children 6-12 y.o.:
>30 kg body mass 10 mg/day in 1 or 2

doses

<30 kg body mass 5 mg/day in 1 dose
Children 2-6 y.o. 5 mg/day in 2 doses

cholecalciferol

• Devikap – drops 15 000 IU/ml
• Dosage : 600-1000 IU/day

15 000 U – 1 ml – 30 drops
1500 U - 3 drops
500 -1 drop

Rp.
Devikap 15 000 IU/ml
oral drops
D.t.d. No 1
S: 2 drops per day

Prescribe haloperidol, single therapeutic
dose 0.5 mg,
2 x daily.
Available Haloperidol 2mg/ml (0.2%).

2mg (in 1ml )

- 20 drops

0.5 mg

– x drops

X= (20 ·0.5 ): 2 = 5 drops

Rp.

Haloperidol 0.0020/ml

- drops
Lag No 1 a 10 ml (one bottle)
S. Orally 2 x daily 5 drops.

Sirups

• Contain saccharose
• Concentration of saccharose is very

high

• When it is lower than 65% the syrup

is unstable

• added to liquid drugs to improve

their taste

Rp. Paracetamol for a 4 y.o. child, b.m.
22 kg,
dose: 10-15 mg/kg single dose, NOT
more often than 5 doses a day; minimal
interval 4 hrs

Available: Panadol tabl. 500 mg; sirup

120, 240, 500 mg/5 ml; supp. 80,
120, 240 mg

Rp.

Panadol…………
………………………

Rp.
Clarithromycin in susp.; for
a child 8 kg;
Dosing - 7.5 mg/kg/day in 2
equal doses.
Available – Klacid,
granulate for suspension;
125mg/5ml or 250 mg/5ml;
bottle 60 ml.

Suspensiones

1) ready to use
2) as granulate to
prepare

7,5mg/kg/day· 8kg = 60 mg/day

i.e. 30 mg single dose

125

–

5 ml

30 –

x ml

5 ml · 30

150 ml

X = ----------- = ------------ = 1,2 ml

125

125

Rp.

Klacid

0,125/5ml

for suspension
Lag. No 1 a 60ml
S. Fill up the bottle with boiled, cooled down water,
shake properly. Give to the child 1.2 ml every 12 hours
for 7 days.

Available
drag. 200, 400 mg;
supp. 60, 125 mg;
sirup 20 mg/ ml, 40 mg/ml;
Dose
Adults: 200-400 mg dose;
up to 1200 mg/day;
Children: 3 months -12 y.o.
20-30 mg/kg/day; in 3-4
doses

Homework – Rp.
Ibuprofen for a 5 y.o.
child, 25 kg

Amoxicillin

Available
Tablets 250; 375; 500; 750;

1000 mg

Powder for suspension: 25

mg/1ml; 50 mg/ml; 100
mg/ml (bottle á 60 ml)

Amoxicillin

• For adult with UTI; 750 mg /day in 3 equal

doses (EVERY 8 HOURS!!!)

• For adult with Helicobacter pylori infection

– 1000 mg 2x/day (EVERY 12 hours!) for 14

days

• For adult with gonorrhoea 3g – single dose

• Children

<20 kg – 20-40 mg/kg /d in 3 doses
> 20 kg – 750 mg/d in 3 doses

• in otitis media – 90 mg/kg/d in 2 equal

doses; 5 days

Rp.
Amoxicillin, 3 y.o. child, 18 kg b.m., bronchitis

Powder for suspension 25 mg/1ml; 50 mg/ml; 100 mg/ml (bottle

á 60 ml)

Dosage: 30 mg/kg/day in 3 doses (every 8 hrs)- for 7 days
i.e. 540 mg/day – 180 mg every 8 hours
50 mg – 1 ml
180 mg – x ml
X= 3.6 ml
Rp.

Amoxicillin

0.05/1ml

for susp.
Lag.No 1 a 60 ml
S. Fill up the bottle with boiled, cooled down water, shake
properly. Give to the child 3.6 ml every 8 hours

Solutions for injections – in amp.

Prescribe 2% sol. Lignocainum hydrochloricum in amp. 2ml.
Use for infiltrational anesthesia, in 0,75% concentration.
Dilute with aqua pro iniectionae.

Concentration C1>C2

C1

2%

0.75 (C3 - C2)

0.75
C3

C2

0% (H20)

1.25(C1 - C3)

Rp.

2% Sol. Lignocaini hydrochlorici

in amp. a’ 2ml

D. t. d. No 10
#
Aqua pro injectionae
in amp. a 5 ml
D.t.d. No 10
S. Take 0,75ml of drug from amp., mix with

1.25

ml of water, use for infiltrational

anesthesia.

 Prescribe Lignocainum hydrochloricum in amp.
40mg/2ml. Use as 0,5% solution.

40 mg – 2 ml
X mg

- 100 ml

 

40 mg · 100 ml

X = --------------------- = 2000 mg = 2.0 g

2 ml

i.e. 2g w 100 ml - 2% roztwór

Rp.

Lignocaini hydrochlorici 0,04
in amp. a`2ml
D.t.d. No 1

#

Aqua pro injectionae
in amp. a 5 ml
D.t.d. No 1
S. Take 0.5 ml of 2% sol. f Lignocaini, mix with 1.5

of water and

use for

local anesthesia.

• Diclofenac 25 mg/1ml

ampoules a 3 ml
In 1 ampule – 3 ml · 25mg=75 mg

• Dosage: 75 mg every day i.m. for 10

days

Rp.

Diclofenac 0.025/1ml
in amp. a 3 ml
D.t.d. No 10

S: once a day inject content of 1

ampoule

i.m.

Prescribe morphine, 30 amp.; dose 20mg,
volume of amp. 1ml.

Rp. (N)
Morphini sulfas 0,020
in amp. á 1ml
D. t. d. No 30 (thirty)
S. Inject content of 1 amp. i.m. in case of
pain.
D. Thirty amp. containing twenty mg of
morphine each; total six hundred miligrams
of morphine.

Homework

Dexamethasone (Dexaven); 4 mg / 1

ml; amp. a 1 and 2 ml; 8 mg i.m.
every morning

Epinephrine

Available
- amp. 1mg/1ml
- Epipen Jr (0.15 mg/autoinjector - syringe)
- Epipen Senior (0.3 mg/autoinjector -

syringe)

Dose – in anaphylactic shock
Adults and children >30 kg

- 0.3 mg i.m.

Children < 30 kg - 0.15 mg i.m.

VIALS – CONTAIN POWDER

Prescribe Ampicillin in vials a 500mg (20 vials).
Use physiological saline as solvent, dose 500 mg
every 12 hrs, i.m.

Rp.
Ampicillin 0, 5
in violis
D. t. d. No 20

#

Natrii chlorati 0,9%
in amp. a’ 5ml
D. t. d. No 20
S. Content of 1 ampicillin vial mix with 3 ml of
solvent. Give i.m. every 12 hours.

Hydrocortisone

• Vials a 100 mg
• Powder !!! Dissolve!
• Water for injection

• 200 mg – single dose

• Rp.

Hydrocortisone 0.1
in vials
D.t.d. No 2
#
Water for injection
in amp. a 5 ml
D.t.d. No 2
S: Dissolve content of 2 amp. of
hydrocortisone in 5 ml of water for injection
and inject i.v.

Cefuroxime

• Adult 2,25 g/day in 3 doses i.v. or i.m.

• Children 50 mg/kg/day in 3-4 doses

(child 27 kg body mass)

• 10 days of treatment

• Vials a 500, 750 and 1500 mg of

cefuroxime (powder for injection)

• Adult
2,25 g =2250 mg
2250:3=750 mg
30 vials
• Child 27 kg
50 mg/kg needed 27*50=1350mg/day
1350:3=450 mg (vials a 500 mg!)

Infusion pump

INFUSIONS

1 ml =

20 drops

250 ml =

x drops

X=5000 drops

2 hr =

120min

5000 drops – 120 min
X drops - 1 min

5000 drops· 1min 500drops

X = ----------------------- = ------------- = 41.66 ~ 42

drops
120min 12

INFUDIBILIA (infusions)

Isoprenalinum

D.t. 1 mg (e.g. in bradycardia – until
symptoms decline; infusion 10 µg/min;

Calculate how many drops should be given
per min?

1 mg - 1000 μg
250 ml - 5000 drops

1000 µg - 5000 drops
10 μg - 50 drops/min

INFUDIBILIA (infusions)

Rp.

Isuprel 0.001

in amp. a 5 mI

D.t.d. No1

#

0.9% Natrii chloridi

In bottle a 250 ml

D.t.d. No 1

S. Infuse with the speed of 50 drops/min, until
bradycardia recedes .

Dopamin

Patient 100 kg b.m.; dose 3µg/kg/min
• Infusion in 500 ml of 5% glucose for

2 hrs

Available : 1% and 4% sol. - Dopamin

10mg/ml and 40mg/ml amp. a 5 ml
i.e. 50 mg and 200 mg/5ml

100 kg · 3µg/kg/min= 300µg/min

300 µg

- 1 min

X µg - 120 min

0.3 mg · 120 min

X= ---------------------- = 36 mg

1 min

50 mg – 5 ml
36 mg - x ml
X= (5·36):50= 3.6 ml
3.6 ml of Dopamin from amp. into 500 ml

500 ml – 120 min
250 ml – 60 min

X ml – 1 min

X = 250:60 = ~ 4.1 ml = 82 drops/min

Rp.

Dopamin

0.05

in vial a 5 ml
D.t.d. No 1
#
5% Sol. of Glucose
in bottle a 500 ml
D.t.d.No 1
S. Take 3.6 ml from dopamin vial and

add to the bottle with glucose. Infuse

with the

speed of 82 drops/min.

Drops for external use

- indicated concentration in %

• Gentamycin -0,3% sol.; bottle a 5ml

• Rp.

Gentamicin 0,3% sol.
eye drops
Lag No 1
S: 1 drop into the left eye every 6
hours

When more than 1 active

substance

- do not give concentration

Dexamytrex - eye drops; 1 g contains:

0,3 mg dexamethason, 5 mg

gentamycin

Rp.

Dexamytrex
eye drops
Lag. No 1
S. 2x daily one drop into each eye.