Explanatory series Part VI
The way Semitic scribes created new Sumerian words was easy, they picked up Akkadian syllables and added to other Akkadian syllables or they simply took another Akkadian word and named it with another Akkadian word.
lu₂ im-tag-ga |
mu-ga-an-ni-ṣum |
haughty person |
lu₂ šub-šub-ba |
ra-ab-ṣum |
recumbent person |
lu₂ niŋ₂-gi-na |
ša ki-na-tim |
truthful person |
lu₂ niŋ₂-kur₂-ra |
ša na-ki-ir-tim |
enemy |
lu₂ niŋ₂-nu-ŋar-ra |
ša nu-li-a-tim |
malicous person |
[lu₂ niŋ₂-bal-bal] |
ša na-ba-al-ka-tim |
insurgent |
[lu₂] ti-ri₂-da nu-deḫi |
ša [mu-us₂-ku la ṭe-ḫu-šu] |
person who is not approached by evil |
[lu₂ sa-gaz] |
ša-ga-as-[su-um] |
robber |
lu₂ šu-nir ak-ak |
mu-ḫa-mi-iṣ šu-ri-ni |
|
lu₂ an-zil gu₇-gu₇ |
ak-lam an-zi-lim |
one devoured by a taboo |
lu₂ azag gu₇-gu₇ |
ak-lam a-sa-ak-ki |
one devoured by an asakku demon |
lu₂ igi ši-ši |
ši-šu-u₂ |
person with eye defect |
lu₂ igi ŋissu la₂-a |
ša i-na-šu ṣi-li-a |
one whose eyes are shaded |
lu₂ igi suḫ |
su-ru-u₂ |
person with an eye disease |
lu₂ igi-du |
a-ša-re-[du-um] |
pre-eminent one |
lu₂ an-ta |
ta-ap-pu-u₂-um |
companion |
lu₂ tab-ba |
ta-ap-pu-u₂-um |
companion |
lu₂ zu-a |
mu-du-u₂ |
expert |
[lu₂] kal-la |
wa-aq-ru |
precious person |
lu₂ ma₂-da-la₂ |
ša ti-la-tim |
auxiliary |
lu₂ gu-la |
ra-bu-um |
nobleman |
lu₂ šu-kiŋ₂-ŋa₂ lugal-a-na |
še-mi pi-ri-iš-ti be-li₂-šu |
one who hears the secret of his master |
[lu₂] a urin lugal-a-na |
na-ṣi-ir wu-ur-ti be-li₂-šu |
one who guards the commands of his master |
[lu₂ gin₆-na] |
ki-i-nu |
true one |
[...] ni₂-tuku |
na-aḫ-du |
pious one |
lu₂ uguugu₄-bi |
pa-gu-u₂ |
monkey |
lu₂ si-sa₂ |
i-ša-ru |
righteous person |
lu₂ šag₄ gar₃ ak |
ša li-ib-ba-šu qar-du [i]-pu-šu |
one whose heart is valiant |
lu₂ šag₄ šu-dur |
ed-ru-um |
|
lu₂ mar-tu |
a-mu-ur-ru-[um] |
Amorite |
lu₂ su-bir₄ki |
šu-ba-ru-[um] |
Subarean |
lu₂ elam-ma |
e-la-mu-[um] |
|
[lu₂] še-ŋeš-raḫ₂ |
ra-pi₂-su |
thresher (with a wooden stick) |
[lu₂] še bir ak |
ša qu₃-li-ip-ti |
(barley) dehusker |
[lu₂ a-ba-aḫ-ši-in] |
ša a-ba-aḫ-ši-in-[ni] |
one who (processes) early harvested grain |
Note:
[...] |
ša tu-up-tim |
one in charge of the footstool |
[...] |
ša zi-ba-tim |
the one of the tail |
lu₂ zipaḫ₂ |
u₂-ṭa-nu-um |
half-cubit person |
Sumerian lu₂ zipaḫ₂ [half-cubit person] is a phonetic representation of Akkadian ša tu-up-tim [the one of the tail]
[lu₂] ŋešpu₂ bad |
pe-tu-u₂-um |
one with open (fist) |
lu₂ is-ḫab₂ |
aš-ḫa-ap-pu-um |
villain |
lu₂ ze₂-a al-raḫ₂ |
ṣa-ar-[šum] |
one who has a gall bladder disease |
lu₂ gidim-ma |
ša i-ṭi-im-mi |
necromancer |
lu₂-saŋ-bulug-ga |
mu-še-li e-ṭi-mi |
necromancer |
lu₂-saŋ-še₃-nu₂-a |
mu-pa-še-er šu-na-tim |
dream interpreter |
lu₂ ŋissu e₃-de₃ |
mu-še-li ṣi-il-li |
one who raises shade |
lu₂ inim-ma |
ša a-wa-tim |
the one who has spoken |
lu₂ ab-ba |
ši-i-bu |
elder |
lu₂ saŋ DU-a |
maḫ-ṣa-am i-lim |
one beaten by a god |
lu₂ ŋarza₂ |
be-el pa-ar-[ṣi₂] |
participant in a ritual |
lu₂ dab₅-ba |
ṣa-ab-tum |
captured person |
[lu₂] zag tag-ga |
sa₃-ak-pu |
rejected one |
[lu₂] zag KIN |
sa₃-ak-pu |
rejected one |
lu₂ inim dirig dug₄-dug₄ |
wa-at-ru-u₂ |
exaggerator |
[lu₂] a₂ [zid-da] |
[im-nu]-u₂ |
right handed person |
Note:
Sumerian inim [word] is a phonetic representation of Akkadian [im-nu]-u₂ [right handed person] Sumerian words are written with the right hand while the word Sumeru [Sumerian language] is a phonetic representation of Akkadian šu-me-lu-u₂ [left-handed person] because Sumerian tablets are held by the left hand.
lu₂ a₂ kud |
a₂-ku-u₂ |
cripple |
lu₂ suḫur-la₂ |
ke-ez-rum |
person with curled hair |
lu₂ ke-ze₂-er ak |
ke-ez-rum |
person with curled hair |
lu₂ siki guz-za |
ḫa-ap-pa-ar-ru-u₂ |
person with tufted hair |
lu₂ šu dug₄-dug₄-ga |
šu-ḫu-ru-um |
unshaven person |
lu₂ mu-dur₇ dug₄-ga |
u₄-ur-ru-šum |
very dirty person |
lu₂ šu zig₃-ga dug₄-ga |
uz-zu-bu |
monstrous person |
lu₂ ze₂-ze₂ |
ba-aq-mu |
person who is getting bald |
lu₂ bar ŋar-ra |
ḫa-am-ṣum |
bald person |
lu₂ ugu ze₂-ze₂ |
ba-ar-šum |
person with patchy hair |
lu₂ bala |
be-el pa-ar-ṣi₂ |
participant in a ritual |
lu₂ bala |
be-el ma-an-za-aš₂-ti |
office holder |
lu₂ bala |
ša pi-la-aq-qa₂-ti |
spinner |
lu₂ bala |
lu₂-bal-a-ku |
man on duty |
[lu₂ im-ri-a] |
be-el ki-im-tim |
head of the family |
[lu₂ zu₂ keš₂-da] |
be-el ki-iṣ-ri |
one in charge of a contigent |
[lu₂ sa] |
ša še-e-tim |
one who uses a (hunting) net |
lu₂ sa-šu-uš-gal |
ša šu-uš-ka-al-li |
one who uses a battle-net |
[lu₂] sa ur₃-ra |
ša še-e-še-e |
one who uses a small net |
lu₂ sa-al-ḫub₂ |
ša šu-uš-ka-al-li |
one who uses a battle-net |
lu₂ sa ŋešgi |
ša sa₃-sa₃-an-[nim] |
trapper |
lu₂ sa du-bu-ul |
ša še-e-še-[e] |
one who uses a small net |
lu₂ sa-du₃ |
ša ši-ki-in-nim |
one who uses a šikinnu net |
lu₂ sa-NI |
ša si-si-im-tim |
person using a sissimtu net |
lu₂ sa lam du |
ša [li-it]-tim |
person using a littû net |
lu₂-ḫar-mušen-na |
ša ḫu-ḫa-ri-im |
bird snarer |
lu₂-sa-gu₂-la₂ |
ša sa-gu-li-e |
snarer |
lu₂ sa-ḫir |
ša ša-ḫa-ar-ri |
one carrying straw in a net |
lu₂ sa-gir₁₁ |
ša sa-ag-ri-ik-ki |
one carrying a straw bale in a net |
[lu₂ bar-ḫu]-da |
ša par₂-ḫu-di-im |
reed-cutter |
lu₂ nam-tag |
ša ar-[ni] |
one who has sins |
lu₂ nir-da |
ša še-[er-tim] |
one who has committed a crime |
lu₂ nam-tar-ra |
ša nam-ta-re-e |
person about to die |
lu₂ nam-tar gig-gig |
ša ši-ma-[tu-šu mar-ṣa] |
one whose fates are troublesome |
lu₂ nam-tar du₇-du₇ |
ša ši-ma-[tu-šu ...] |
one whose fates are appropriate |
lu₂ nam kud-ra₂ |
er-re-ru-u₂ |
one who curses a lot |
lu₂ ka-mud-ŋal₂ |
mu-ta-al-ku |
advocate |
lu₂ ḫum-ḫum |
lu-up-pu-nu-um |
very poor person |
lu₂ mur₇ ba-nud-a |
ša i-na ta-ba-aš-ta-ni-šu bu-ul-lu-lu |
one covered in his excrement |
lu₂ šu la₂-a |
us₄-su₂-lum |
paralyzed person |
lu₂ šu kud-kud-ra₂ |
ku-uṣ-ṣu₂-ṣu₂-um |
crippled person |
lu₂ šu ra-aḫ-a |
ra-ap-du |
disabled person |
lu₂ kud-kud-ra₂ |
ḫu-um-mu-rum |
a crippled person |
lu₂ dub₃ la₂ |
tu-ub-bu-kum |
lame |
lu₂ dub₃ dab |
ṣu₂-ub-bu-tum |
lame |
lu₂ lil₂ |
li-il-lum |
idiot |
[lu₂] uš₁₁-bi sur-sur |
ša ru-pu-uš-ta-šu i-ṣa-ru-ru |
one who oozes spittle |
lu₂ inim šu du₃-du₃ |
mu-na-an-gi₄-ru-um |
denouncer |
Note:
Sumerian lu₂ ḫum-ḫum [very poor person] is a phonetic representation of Akkadian ḫu-um-mu-rum [a crippled person]
lu₂ rib-ba |
[šu-tu-qu] |
surpassing person |
lu₂ rib-ba |
wa-[at-ru-u₂] |
exaggerator |
Note:
Sumerian lu₂ rib-ba [person surpassing (surpassing person)] is in fact a phonetic representation of Akkadian rabû [big]