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Wyznaczenie przyspieszenia ziemskiego za pomocą wahadła prostego oraz logarytmicznego dekrementu tłumienia wahadła fizycznego |
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laboratorium z fizyki 28. 10. 2012r |
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a) obliczanie przyspieszenia ziemskiego: |
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rodzaj kulki |
długość nici l [m] |
średnica kulki d [m] |
długość wahadła L=(l+d/2) [m] |
czas trwania 50 okresów |
okres T [s] |
średnia wartość okresu T [s] |
stosunek L / T2 |
przyspie-szenie G [m/s2] |
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drewno |
0.77 |
0.0294 |
0.7847 |
76.62 |
1.53 |
1.52 |
0.3382 |
13.34 |
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75.22 |
1.50 |
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76.65 |
1.53 |
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metal |
0.687 |
0.0298 |
0.7019 |
84.03 |
1.68 |
1.68 |
0.2473 |
9.75 |
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84.35 |
1.69 |
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84.31 |
1.69 |
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metal |
0.57 |
0.0304 |
0.5852 |
89.03 |
1.78 |
1.78 |
0.1847 |
7.28 |
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89.01 |
1.78 |
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88.97 |
1.78 |
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suwmiarka |
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∆dls= |
0,05 [mm] |
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katetometr |
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∆dlk= |
1,0 [mm] |
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sekundomierz |
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∆dt= |
0,1 [s] |
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średnie przyspieszenie wynosi: g = |
10.13 |
± 0,63 [m/s2] |
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b) wyznaczanie logarytmicznego dekrementu tłumienia : |
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n |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
czas t 10 wahnięć [s] |
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A1 [mm] |
40.50 |
34.50 |
28.00 |
24.00 |
21.00 |
18.00 |
16.00 |
14.00 |
12.00 |
11.00 |
38.16 |
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A2 [mm] |
37.00 |
31.00 |
26.00 |
22.00 |
19.00 |
17.00 |
15.00 |
13.00 |
11.50 |
10.00 |
38.03 |
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A3 [mm] |
32.50 |
27.00 |
23.00 |
20.00 |
17.50 |
15.50 |
14.00 |
12.00 |
11.00 |
10.00 |
37.84 |
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średnia |
36.67 |
30.83 |
25.67 |
22.00 |
19.17 |
16.83 |
15.00 |
13.00 |
11.50 |
10.33 |
38.01 |
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36.67 |
33.8 |
30.83 |
28.3 |
25.67 |
23.8 |
22 |
20.6 |
19.17 |
18 |
16.83 |
15.9 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
12.3 |
11.5 |
10.9 |
10.33 |
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masa wahadła m= 268,5 [g] |
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36.67 |
-33.75 |
30.83 |
-28.25 |
25.67 |
-23.84 |
22 |
-20.59 |
19.17 |
-18 |
16.83 |
-15.9 |
15 |
-14 |
13 |
-12.25 |
11.5 |
-10.9 |
10.33 |
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Δm = 0,5 [g] |
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okres jednego wachnięcia T = 38,01/10 = 3,8 [s] |
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liniał L o skali od 400 - 0 - 400 [mm] |
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ΔL = 5 [mm] |
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obliczam wartość od 7 do 10 logarytmicznego dekrementu tłumienia D. |
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xi |
xi - ẍ |
(xi - ẍ)2 |
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D7 = |
0.1431 |
0.0189 |
0.0004 |
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D8 = |
0.1226 |
-0.0016 |
0.0000 |
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D9 = |
0.1070 |
-0.0173 |
0.0003 |
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suma |
0.3727 |
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0.0007 |
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metodą typu A obliczam przybliżenie wyniku D |
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D = |
0.124 |
± 0,018 |
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niepewność standardową wartości D obliczm wg wzoru: |
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= |
0.018 |
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obliczam wielkość b wg wzoru: |
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= |
17.5231578947368 |
[kg/s] |
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obliczam wielkość β wg wzoru: |
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= |
0.033 |
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