U N I T
Innovation 10
10
Introduction p125 Reading p126
1 Possible answers Lead in
1 A CD, which was originally intended for
2 Key
recording music or computer data, is being
the television
used as a drinks coaster.
2 Cola cans, which were originally used as
Multiple matching
containers for soft drinks, have been used as a
material to make toy cars.
3 Key
3 A rubber tyre, which was originally intended
1 D 3 F 5 G
for car wheels, is being used as a swing for
2 A 4 C 6 E
children.
Extra sentence: B
4 Empty containers, which were probably used
for cooking oil, are being used as watering
Phrasal verbs with carry
cans.
5 A coat hanger, which was originally used to
4 Key
hang up clothes, is being used as a car aerial.
a 2 c 5 e 3
6 Two empty tins, which were originally used as
b 4 d 1
containers for food, are being used as a toy
telephone.
5 Key
a carry out d carry me through
3 Possible answers
b carried on e carries me back
1 A barrel could be used as a container for food
c carried away
waste for recycling as compost, or could be
used as a bin for other substances.
2 A paper clip could be used as s bookmark, or
as a way of keeping money together.
Grammar and practice p128
3 An old tin could be used to store coins or
jewellery or as a container to keep matches
dry on a camping trip.
Wishes and regrets
4 A blanket could be used for sitting on in the
1 Key
garden or in the park, or it could be used as a
a past situation
wall hanging. It could be used as a canopy or
b present or future situation
a sunshade if it were hung over branches or
c present or future situation
secured by sticks.
A wish about a present or future situation is
5 A brick could be used as a doorstep, a
expressed with a past tense. A wish about a past
bookend or as an ashtray.
situation is expressed with a past perfect tense.
6 An empty drinks bottle could be cut into
different shapes and be turned into a funnel or
2 Key
a plant pot. It could be used by young
children to create models and for collecting Would or wouldn t are used after wish to
and measuring rainwater for geography complain about a present situation.
projects.
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3 Key
Speaking p130
Sentence b with if only expresses the stronger
regret.
Two-way task
4 Possible answers 2 Possible answers
Some suggestions are given in the cartoons at the Printing has affected the way we live by enabling
foot of this page. easier distribution of and access to information
in the form of books, magazines and newspapers.
5 Key
Photography has allowed images of our lives to
1 could afford to go
be recorded. It has also influenced
2 wish you would clean
entertainment in the form of film.
3 he had remembered to send
Telecommunication has influenced how we
4 had gone to bed earlier
communicate with friends and family, as well as
5 she was / were as tall as
allowing technology such as the Internet.
6 only I had not told
As well as lighting our homes, electricity has
enabled us to use labour-saving devices such as
I d rather and It s time
washing machines and microwave ovens.
6 Key
Air travel has made the world a smaller place by
allowing people to travel quickly from one
a When the speaker expresses their own
continent to another.
preference, they use the infinitive without to
immediately after the expression I d rather.
b When the speaker expresses a preference
about somebody or something else, they use a
pronoun, name or thing after the expression Vocabulary p131
I d rather and the past form of the verb.
Lead in
7 Key
1 Key
Sentence a is more urgent.
Products and inventions are named after the
a past tense
inventor, after a description of what they do, by
b infinitive
combining sounds or words, or by using initials
8 Key or acronyms.
a to go e took
b met f do, did
Adjective suffixes
c got/had g tidied
3 Key
d told, know
Descriptive is related to describe. (suffix: -ive)
Mechanical is related to mechanic. (suffix: -al)
Error correction
Careful is related to care. (suffix: -ful)
9 Key Disastrous is related to disaster. (suffix: -ous)
Speedy is related to speed. (suffix: -y)
1 6 out 11 one
Reliable is related to rely. (suffix: -able)
2 the 7 were 12 on
3 8 so 13 of
4 Key
4 who 9 else 14
a sticky
5 10 had 15 to
b useful, useless
c economic
d advisable
e fashionable, stretchy
f favourable
g creative, original
h protective, scientific, dangerous
52 UNIT 10 INNOVATION Oxford University Press
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so much. It s just completely beyond his
5 Key
comprehension.
a agricultural, industrial
Interviewer Is it because people of our generation
b political
have grown up with gadgets, do you
c offensive
think?
d homeless
Paul I think that s one of the reasons, yes, but
e comfortable
the main one, in my opinion, is that
people of our parent s generation have a
completely different attitude to money
from people of our generation, and from
Listening p132
the younger generation even more so.
My father lived through the war, when
times were hard, and he actually
Think ahead
physically cringes every time he sees me
1 Key
spend money. What I see as a necessity,
he sees as a luxury  something that is
1 This is an automatic drinks stirrer, allowing
not an essential at all.
you to stir a drink by pressing a button with
Interviewer So how much of a gadget freak are you?
your thumb instead of using a spoon.
2 This is a mini paper-shredder for destroying Paul Well, my wife recently counted the
number of remote controls we had in
confidential documents.
the house and it came to the grand total
3 This is a voice-activated remote control for
of thirty-eight. This one I use a lot. It s
operating other electrical appliances.
voice-activated. You speak into it like so
4 This is a waterproof radio which can be used
and hey presto the TV or whatever
in a shower.
switches on or off.
5 This is a fly trap which catches flying insects
Interviewer But isn t that the same as an ordinary
in your home.
remote?
6 This is an artificial cat which appears to
Paul Well, yes & but that s not really the
breathe like a real one.
point.
Interviewer So what does your wife think about all
2 Possible answer
this?
People sometimes but gadgets because they are
Paul She hates gadgets. She thinks I m
interested in technology or impressed by new
obsessed. And I am. I don t mind
inventions. Often gadgets are entertaining or
admitting it. We re always rowing about
unusual in some way.
it. But I can t help it. I love them. In my
view, anything that makes life easier or
Sentence completion
more fun is certainly worth having.
Interviewer Do you use all the gadgets that you buy?
3 Key
Paul I have to admit that I don t, not all of
He mentions the voice-activated remote control,
them. Some are so high-tech that you
the breathing cat and the fly-catcher.
can t work out how to use them. If I
can t follow the instructions  often
Tapescript
they re not clear  then I have been
Interviewer Good afternoon. And this afternoon
known to give up on them, yes.
we re pleased, very pleased indeed, to
Interviewer What on earth s that? It looks like an old
welcome Paul Turner, self-confessed
fur coat!
gadget freak and author of the book
Gadgets: Do we need them?
Paul Ah, this one. It s just a bit of fun. Look
you stroke it like this and it breaths and
Paul Which is in all good bookshops now.
sort of purrs.
Pleased to be here.
Interviewer But a real cat does that.
Interviewer Paul, can I start off by asking you, is
there a gap between the generations in
Paul Ah, yes but with this cat there s no
their attitude toward gadgets?
expense, no mess. And no scratches on
the furniture.
Paul Yes, definitely. I think people s attitudes
towards gadgets are definitely a
Interviewer (laughs) Do you think gadgets are more
generation thing. My father, for example,
of a male thing?
who s in his 80s, has never really
Paul Mm I m not sure about that. I know a lot
understood why gadgets fascinate me
of women who are just as gadget-mad
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as I am. But then again, I know some
4 Key
women who buy a lot of gadgets but
a fast-flowing d grey-haired
never use them. My sister is a bit like
b sugar-free e good-looking
that. When she gets a new gadget she s
c fast-growing
like a kid with a new toy. She uses it for
a few weeks and then gets bored, so it
5 Possible answers
ends up in a drawer somewhere.
fat-free  milk, yoghurt, other food products
Interviewer I know of a few people like that. Finally, I
mass-produced  cars, toys
have to ask this. Does anybody really
home-made  bread, biscuits, cakes
need all of these gadgets?
king-sized  bed
Paul Well to be honest, no.
cold-blooded  reptiles, person
Interviewer So why do we buy them?
hard-wearing  shoes, other items of clothing
Paul A lot of technology purchases are a case
that last a long time
of keeping up with other people. If you
don t have something and other people
6 Key
do, you feel you re missing out. That s
a dark-skinned
why a lot of people buy things.
b long-legged
Interviewer Do you have a favourite gadget?
c brown-eyed
Paul Usually my favourite is my most recent
d big-headed
purchase. This one I ve got here is
e thick-skinned
amazing. Let me show you how it works.
f kind-hearted
You put it on your desk in the summer
when there are lots of flies about, put
some bait inside  you get a supply
when you buy it  wait and when a fly
flies past it s attracted to the bait, flies
Writing p134
in, the plant snaps shut  one dead fly!
(fade out) It s daft but it s fun, don t you
Article
think?
1 Key
4 Key
The Wizard of Oz (1939, Victor Fleming)
1 fascinated 6 more fun
illustrates the use of colour as an innovation. In
2 money 7 not clear/unclear
this film both colour and black and white are
3 essential 8 bored (with it)
used to show the difference between Dorothy s
4 remote controls 9 other people
ordinary life and the world of her dream. Who
5 obsessed 10 flies
Framed Roger Rabbit? (1988, Robert Zemeckis)
illustrates the innovation of using real actors and
animation in the same scene of a film.
The Matrix Reloaded (2003, Andy and Larry
Vocabulary p133
Wachowski) illustrates the innovation of using
computer-generated figures to take the place of
Lead in real actors in a film.
Other innovations include the use of sound,
1 Key
computer animation and the use of digital movie
screen and teenager
cameras.
Japan and animation
skirt and shorts
2 Possible answer
Frankenstein and food
You should include the reasons why your
adult and adolescent
favourite film should be in the top 100 list and a
brief synopsis of the story without giving away
Compound adjectives
the end.
3 Key
3 Possible answers
a long-lasting
b The article is written in an informal, chatty
b big-eyed
style.
c world-famous
c Gladiator and computer-generated Rome.
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Beginnings and endings 2 Key
a hadn t lost
4 Key
b wouldn t interrupt
b Which films would you include in your Top
c could go
100 films ever?
d had met
e didn t have, had
5 Key
f had applied
1 technique c 3 technique a
g left
2 technique d
h got
i didn t bring
6 Key
j told
c
3 Key
7 Key
a carries me back
a opening paragraph c; main purpose b
b carried on
b opening paragraph a; main purpose c
c carry them through
c opening paragraph b; main purpose a
d carried away
e carry out
Overview p136
1 Key
1 controversial 6 latest
2 contribution 7 criticisms
3 choice 8 traditional
4 Exhibition 9 photographer
5 winner 10 argument
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