U N I T
Around us 9
9
Introduction p113 Over to you
1 Possible answers Possible answers
a Extreme heat can make it difficult for people People often choose to live near volcanoes
to work or sleep. It can create an increased because the agricultural land is very fertile. It
danger of skin problems and some infectious would be difficult to evacuate a large city
diseases. because people might panic, the transport
Extreme cold can cause hypothermia. network could get congested, and emergency
Travelling can be hazardous. Some machines accommodation would be required. The best
cannot work at low temperatures. solution would be to practise and make full use
of emergency services.
2 Possible answers
a Flooding would probably affect more people
Word-building
because more people have their homes near
4 Key
rivers than in or near forests.
compete  competition
b Forest fires can be avoided by increasing
erupt  eruption
restrictions on what people can do in dry
evacuate  evacuation
areas, such as lighting camp fires but
fascinate  fascination
sometimes the fires can be started by
populate  population
lightening, which is unavoidable. People can
migrate  migration
avoid the problems by building homes well
They are all formed with the suffix  tion.
away from woodland.
Flooding can be avoided by controlling water
5 Key
flow in rivers and by carefully planning
building and its effects on the environment. act  active
danger  dangerous
destroy  destruction
science  scientific
system  systematic
Reading p114
volcano  volcanic
Think ahead
6 Key
1 Key
a scientific e fascination
b dangerous f population
a 3 b 3 c 2
c migration g active
d systematic h competition
Multiple choice
3 Key
1 D 4 A 7 A
2 C 5 C
3 C 6 B
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Cloze
Grammar and practice p116
8 Key
1 where 9 of
Relative clauses
2 by 10 not
1 Key
3 on 11 did
a which, which/that
4 was 12 Finally/Eventually/
b who/that
5 other Reluctantly
6 no 13 who/that
2 Key
7 which/that 14 spite
The speaker has more than one sister in
8 their 15 so
sentence a. In sentence a, the information in the
relative clause is essential.
The speaker has only one sister in sentence b. In
sentence b, the information in the relative clause
Speaking p118
is not essential.
Lead in
3 Key
a defining 1 Possible answers
b non-defining  & , who study volcanic activity,
Students might refer to the photos for ideas:
&
driving cares or using forms of transport which
c non-defining  & , which is the hot molten
burn fuels, throwing away rubbish, using
rock emitted from a volcano when it erupts,
detergents, burning things which give off some
&
or fumes, using aerosols.
d non-defining  & , which can be carried on
Other ideas include: using unnecessary wrapping
the wind for thousands of kilometres.
for products or containers made of plastic,
e defining
cutting down trees, using pesticides, polluting
f defining
rivers and seas, building roads through
countryside, nuclear power plants and growing
4 Key
genetically-modified foods.
In sentences a and e, which can be replaced with
that.
Two-way task
5 Key
3 Possible answers
a where b , when c why
Using motor vehicles produces chemicals which
The relative pronoun can be left out of make the streets unhealthy, and contributes to
sentence c. global warming through the production of
greenhouse gases.
6 Key
Throwing away unnecessary litter, such as excess
The sentences with whom are more formal than
packaging, can make the streets dirty and fills up
the sentences with who. You use whom, not who,
rubbish dumps with material which is not
immediately after a preposition.
biodegradable.
Air travel causes noise pollution for those who
7 Key
live near airports and also produce large amounts
a who/that
of greenhouse gases.
b which/that
Using household appliances such as washing
c why/ 
machines uses up electricity which may be
d , which
generated by burning fossil fuels. Also, some
e which/that
detergents are damaging to the environment.
f where
Burning household and garden waste can
g , whose latest film was short in LA,
generate bad smells and contributes to the
h whose
greenhouse effect.
i that/which/
Using aerosol sprays can contribute to damage to
j , when
the ozone layer, which could cause skin cancer.
Also, some cosmetics are tested on animals.
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Vocabulary p119 Listening p121
3 Key Think ahead
The article says that greenhouse gas emissions
2 Possible answers
and tropical deforestation are to blame for
Positive effects
climate changes.
Tourism can bring revenue into a country and
increase opportunities for employment. It can
Dependent prepositions
widen people s understanding of different
cultures and languages.
4 Key
Negative effects
consequences for
responsible for
The profits from tourism often go to large
leads to
national and international companies such as
airlines and hotel chains rather than benefiting
5 Key
the local area. Building large tourist complexes
agreement on effect on can spoil areas of natural beauty and harm
anger at respect for wildlife. Local people are often pushed out of
ban on tax on the area.
cure for threat to
damage to
Multiple choice
a cure for c respect for
3 Tapescript
b threat to d tax on
Presenter Tourism is the world s largest and fastest
growing industry. According to recent
6 Key
statistics, tourism provided 10% of the
a to, to b of, to c of, to, for
world s income and employs almost one
tenth of the world s workforce. By the
7 Key
year 2015, these numbers will double.
appeal to insist on
But there is also a negative side to
believe in invest in tourism s economic boom. Jeremy Allen, a
freelance writer on the problems caused
complain about sympathise with
by tourism, is here to tell us a bit about
contribute to result in
this. Good afternoon, Jeremy.
depend on
Jeremy Good afternoon.
8 Key
Presenter So what are the negative effects of
tourism?
a3 on b5 to c1 in d2 about e4 with
Jeremy Well, basically tourism can impact
negatively on three main areas: the
economy of a country, the culture of a
country and the environment. And
Exam techniques p120
we re concerned here, I should add,
with the effect on Third World
Use of English Part 3
countries, not on the rich countries of the
West. To give you some examples. Most
Dos and Don ts
travellers from Europe go on package
holidays when they travel abroad. In most
1 Key
all-inclusive package tours, more than 80
1 is a ban on cars
per cent of travellers fees go to the
2 not as expensive as
airlines, hotels and other national
3 have not seen Alex since
companies, no to local businesses and
4 used to be late
workers.
5 (ever) taking up smoking
Presenter As much as that?
6 such a boring film
Jeremy Yes. Restaurants in large hotels often
7 is capable of winning
import food products to satisfy foreign
8 has been put off
visitors  so local farmers get no benefit 
9 because he did not understand
and resorts and hotels often over-
10 advised him to get
consume natural resources like water and
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electric power, causing water shortages
Writing p122
and power cuts for the local people.
Presenter And many tourists never actually leave the
Informal letter
hotel grounds or cruise ship, do they? So
none of the money, presumably, goes to
1 Key
the local businesses.
a Dear/Hi, Yours/Love/Best wishes
Jeremy That s right. And hotels will often import
b The letter should be written in an informal
gift items and sell these in their shops
style.
rather than items produced by local
people.
Asking for information
Presenter You mentioned the possible negative
effect on the environment.
2 Key
Jeremy Yes, according to recent statistics, the
How long do you want to go for?
environmental impact of tourism
What other projects do they offer?
development is a serious concern. In some
Can you choose which projects to do?
popular destinations, the natural
How basic are the facilities?
attractions of the area have been
Is there a toilet?
damaged or destroyed due to
overbuilding. For every hotel built, there How much will the food and drink cost?
are often hundreds of homes knocked
down. People are often moved out of 3 Possible answers
the area they live in. In East Africa, for
Could you tell me how long you want to go for?
example, the native Masai tribespeople
Can you find out what other projects they offer?
have been evicted from their traditional
Do you know if we can choose which projects to
lands to make way for safari lodges and
do?
tours. And in Hawaii, culturally significant
Could you find out how basic the facilities are?
sites, like burial grounds, have been dug
Do you know if there is a toilet?
up s that hotels can be built there.
Could you find out how much food and drink
Presenter So what is the solution? Is there anything
costs?
we, as individuals, can or should do?
Jeremy There is a lot the ordinary traveller can do,
4 Possible answers
actually. First of all if you go on a package
1 You didn t say when you wanted to go.
holiday, make sure the company you go
2 How long do you want to go for?
with is sensitive to the local culture.
Choose destinations that are not over- 3 How much does it cost?
developed or over-crowded. As for 4 Can you find out what other projects they
souvenirs, don t buy any items made from
offer
protected species. Many are becoming
5 Could you also find out how basic the
extinct because hunters can get good
facilities are?
prices for their skins, horns and tusks.
Presenter One final word of advice?
5 Possible answers
Jeremy Yes, but aware, be sensitive and be
a where exactly is Kankali village?
responsible. And have a good holiday.
b How far is it from the airport?
Presenter Thank you, Jeremy Allen. And on with
Could you find out how far it is from the
some music &
airport?
c Are there holidays like this all year round?
4 Key
Could you tell me if there are holidays like
1 B 4 B 7 B
this all year round?
2 C 5 A
d What sort of clothes should I bring?
3 A 6 C
Could you find out what sort of clothes I
should bring?
e How long can you stay in Nepal at the end of
the holiday?
I d like to know how long you can stay in
Nepal at the end of the holiday.
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2 Key
Overview p124
1 is not safe to swim
2 search for clues was done
1 Key
3 despite being ninety
1 , which is situated near the Bay of Naples,
4 his fascination with
2 , who believe it to be extinct,
5 great deal of
3 which/that
4 , which happened when no one was expecting
3 Key
it,
a in c to e to
5 , when
b at d of, of f on
6 who
7 whose
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