Linguistics 12.11.12

There are types of sounds:

Possible to make, but never used

Possible to make, but rarely used,

Possible to make and often used

Impossible to make

Manner of articulation

Fricative a |…..| a

Affricate a | |….| a (delayed release) pod spodem (pocpodem) tS

Stop a | | a abba

Cardinal vowels.

REMEMBER! NO AFFRICATIVE

VOT – Voice Onset Time

VOT lag = (long VOT)

Negative VOT (voicing before opening mouth)

Short VOT (Zero VOT)

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Periodic vs. Aperiodic

Amplitude (dB, decibels)

Frequency

Harmonics

Fundamental frequency (Lowest frequency you can produce from a string, means the widest it can stretch) (F0)

Glottal waves ( sound produced in larynx, it is changed by mouth)

Sound waves: add up like sea waves or light, creating one bigger wave

A cycle (when string vibrates).

20 Hz – 20000 Hz – human ability to hear sounds (80 – 6000 linguistic communication frequency)

1^st harmonic

100 Hz |-------------------------------|--------------------------------|

Amount of displacement

2^nd harmonic

200 Hz |------------|------------------|----------------|---------------|

3^rd haronic

300 Hz |--------|----------------------|---------------------|----------|

FORMAT

When glottalic wave hits the ‘tubes’ in our mouth some frequencies disappear, and what’s left are the odd multiples of the first frequency. Rest of them disappear.