73071 P1190317

190 JmuCMrcuuli

On śe lower Wun/ia. wr find also lomc olhcr objeels dated for (lic umr period. i.r. nettI produrts of i diiunl gcncfic provcniincc. for wampie: a goli from U4MU (Fig. 8 3), gcnctically conncclcd willi the Bnlish bies (Cntieuuk IV9tt, fig 8); a gold halberd from Inowrocław (Fig. 8.4) (Machnik i I9?f, fig 46: )l fprohabty of ihe same provenancc); or bron/c winged pin liontl KhuBW»to (daractcrwic of ihe Alpine zonc. Fig. 8: I, sec; Bokinicc 19951 Tbnr pmeact on the analyied orca aJlows to foimulate a Jiypolliesis, (ful iw amonthe wuth Ualuc Sca foined (be nctwork of lar-reaching cxchangc not law I (ban jl&odj 2W0 B(’ On the "mcnial map" of pcople from (be beginningi of tbr i millennium BO ihcre existcd a dcsiinalion point which was the sówce uf "rheoonhcm gold' The point was undouhtcdly locatcd on the Baltic Sen

3. BETWKEN JUTLAND AND SAMBIA

In thr eiKtutg literaturę on the stibjeci. the rescarcliers altachcd morę im-l portmcc to the Jutland centrr, as the destination point - the sourte of most of the I (UObcfl matęnd presem in prehistorie cireulation. The Sambian centrc was rather j percened raoflhe seeondary importancc. That vicw was expressed in a cIjhicI tiipn by J M. de Nivarro from f 920 ‘s 1930’s (de Navarro 1925), and liter te-1 peated by odia wicntisti rather unammously. Undoubledly. therc are sonie fxts I te jfptflk (or iutland: ntraordinary cultural dynamics of the communities iulu-1 twmg te H 8 well as obterved in archacological rcsourcos misccllaneousl ■daunrRNtiaMeciions betwccn that region and many other European regions. | nubte as earl v B from the begmning of the Neolithic (Klasscn 2000). Moreowt j tee cuanections inerease in linie, to reach in the beginning of Bronzc Age 8 (aboal 1700 BO its culminating point within the conlincs of Nordic culture I phenpnKDOti Ihe only centrc caisting in Europę at that linie, which had nsowi l dytanofbron/e producłl, and at the same unie was dcvoid of any sourcc of niw ■ matcrisli n the fom of metallic ore (Yandkildc 19%).

Ukneeultural argumenls have not lost their rclcvance and I do not inlciul to I ijuntun the impottanoe of the Julland centrę in distribution of amber in Europę. I Ho»cver. ii dues not C hangę the fact that the Sambian centrc has bccn undere^n* Med wrtbin the coofinet of the modela of that procesu presented in the literału^ I To bive i tomplcte picturc, we should observc that the Jutland deposiis fad¹⁰ |HH|Hp|lQftcharicU:r Also the archacological rcmnins of the con'#“ ielocal penpte had willi that materiał arc very specilic. Compamiively ihcn> Weber flteafi nd tncci of processing arc conncctcd with the Neolithic. pwnuły the ł unnei Beakcrs culture communities (Ebbesen 1995). I'^1C '^,|I'J )* miffi|ii inlense in the fmdings of the Single Gravcs c“J *hoe» osty wlniry eaampki arc di$covercd from the lale Neolithic (C* ł»k 2091,57).

Iteiituahon in Ihe Sambian centrę is quitc diflcrcnt. It had an acccss to the deposits of Ihe first-class raw materiał, which still mi dtijffe of the amber cxtraction in the world. Morcover, we pdsscss a .haeological register of amber uses in culture of the people inhabiting that I urope. Slarting Irom the Mcsolithic (Loże 1988: 43 47), through all the : the Neolithic:(Loze 197S; Mazurowski 1983), umil the beginning of the ! ię ^|e(lM tnve«tigation sliows that s.c. Rzucewo culture has partly Early I chrmology. sec: Sobieraj 2004: 71), there exist numerous traccs of mi-.vt«ng and use of various amber produets. The most abundant rcmains [ i/pMRung arc conncclcd with a developcd stage of the local variation of tbc CrtdedUarc culturMMazurow s Id 200S), and arc dated for the tum of the 3"* and trbtgBmingortlic 2^nd millennium BC.

Mther group of data indicating the importance of the Sambian centre are . one aoiuiectod with culture. As it was alrcady mentioncd above, we observc : im mltow of produets of a distant cultural provcnancc as early as at the begin-lliemillennium BC That phenomenon becomcs morę and morę visible altfEof prehistory. On the tum of the Bronze Age and the beginning ttklipa Age, the researchers noticc creatton of the connection linę between na lonted in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Italy (Bukowski 1993; Dąbrowski Iffl; Stalinowski 2006). The sourccs from the beginning of our era are even I MitpccUcular (Wielowiejski 1980), because it is certainly not by accident, that ueąuojtrian from times of Nero went for amber not to Jutland, which was geo-(rtphictfly eloser to the borders of the Empire, but to much morę distant regions tatowi the Vistula river-mouth.

RECAPITULATION

. data presented abovc nilów slightly different view on the ąuestion of mu-'wlbfilaftt^ in the cultural sense, between two main centres of amber acquisition: ** bilaad and the Sambian ones. The situation was dcfinitely morę complcx, iiigested by the classic model proposed by J.M. de Navarro. The infor-n preamted above is sufficient to approach the importance of the Sambian with grealer attention. The ccntre seems to bccome significant comparati-uly, and certainly aftor 2000 BC is commonly known in the mcntal map of I World. It holds this position in later epochs. Thereforc, not surprisingly ¹ scurrcntly Ihe greatest centre of amber production in the world.