435
MOfleJiMpoBaubi ot TpeTWHHoro nepwofla b pa3Hbix KJiMMaTMHecKMX ycjioBMHx. Bbmay Toro, Heo6xoAMMbiM hbjihgtch b 3tmx pawoHax, Mex<Ay npoHMM m Ha TfeppnTopnn IlojibiiJM, onpefleJieHwe ycnoBMM, npoLjecca m B03pacTa B03HMKH0BeHMH 0TAejibHbix KapCTOBbIX (t>OpM Ha OCHOBe M3yHeHMH CjDOpM TMnMHHbIX, CBOHCTBeHHbIX JKapKMM m xojio;jHbiM pawoHaM, a TaioKe paccjieAOBaHMH pa3BMTMH coBpeMeHHbix KapcTOBbix npoueccoB w CBe>KMX roJioi;eHOBbix <i>opM, C03AaBaeMbix b yMepeHHOM KJiMMaTe.
Ilocjie npeflCTaBjieHHH pe3yjibTaTOB MCCJieAOBaHMM KapcTOBoro pejibec^a b yxa-3aHHbIX KJIMMaTMHeCKMX 30HaX 6bIJIM 3aTpOHyTbI HeKOTOpbie BOnpOCbl Mop(i)OJiorMH KapcTa Ha TeppMTopMM IIoJibmM.
OcoGbiw HHTepec npeACTaBJineT npoSjieMa reHe3Mca u B03pacTa noBepxHOCTM BbipaBHMBaHMH B paMOHe KpaKOBCKOM B03BbIUieHH0CTM M BbICTynaiOLI4HX HaA 3TOM noBepxHOCTbio xojiMOB-ocTaHqeB. OcTaHijbi M3AaBHa npMBJieKaJiM BHMMaHMe (27, 37, 39, 45), oflHaKO, onpeAeJieHMe mx rene3Mca BCTpenajiocb c 3aTpyAHeHMHMM. 143 mx pa3MemeHMH cjie^yeT, hto sto He BOAopa3AejibHbie ocTaHLjbi, a reoJiorMnecKoe CTpoe-Hwe He AaeT ocHOBaHMH npw3HaTb mx CTpyKTypHbiMM. BepoHTHO 3to Konbi — MoroTbi THnuHHbi rjw TponwHecKHX CTpaH, a Taxne cy6TponMHecKMe KjiMMaTMHecKMe ycjio-bmh rocnoflCTBOBajiH y nac b najieoreHe. Heo6xo/jMMo TinaTejibHO MCCJieAOBaTb 3tm <ł>OpMbI, KOHCTaTWpOBaTb, MMeiOT JIM OHM npM3HaKM MOrOTOB, ynOMHHyTbie B nepBOM nacTM otom CTaTbM. IIpoSjieMa 3to He npocTan, m6o noABeprajiMCb ohm MeTaMop-<t>03e, ocoSeHHo bo BpeMH njieMCTOijeHa, npMHeM He TOJibKo noA BJiMHHMeM nepMrjin-UMajibHbix npoijeccoB, ho m KpaKOBCKoro ojie^eHeHMH.
IIpoMCxo>KfleHMe ocTaHueB TecHo CBH3ano c BonpocaMM reHe3Mca m B03pacTa IIOBepXHOCTM BbipaBHMBaHMH, KOTOpyiO CHMTaiOT a6pa3MOHHOM nOBepXHOCTbIO LjeHO-MaHCKOro MOPH (17), MJIM nOBepXHOCTbIO BbipaBHeHHyiO fleHyflaUMOHHblMM <J>aKTOpaMM
(37, 13). Ecjim ocTaHUbi OKa>KyTCH MoroTaMM, Tor^a mojkho mx CHMTaTb KapcTOBOM n0BepxH0CTbK) BbipaBHMBaHMH. Ro HacTOHinero BpeMeHM CKajibHan noBepxHocTb He CbiJia peKOHCTpyMpoBaHa, OAHaKO M3 HaSjuo^eHMM B. BajibnaKa (45) m E. IIoKop-iioro cjie^yeT, hto BHyTpM ee h3xo^htch 6ojibmoe yrjiyGjieHMe m MejiKMe reojiorMHec-KMe opraiibi, BbiCTJiaHHbie 6e3ycji0BH0 oca^KaMM AOJie^HMKOBbiMM (pa3H0ijBeTHbie MJibi, necKM, rjiMHbi c kpcmhhmm m KBapuoBbiMM oóojioHKaMM). Cjie^OBaTejibHo, xap-CTOBan noBepxHOCTb y>xe ao njieMCTOijeHa SbiJia npMKpbiTa MOiijHbiM ( = 10 m) njiaujeM BOAOHenpoHMi;aeMbix oca^KOB, HaH0CHbix m MecTHbix, TaioKe xax aho MaprMHaJib-Hbix paBHMH m qeHTpajibHbix nojibeB. Tojibko Ha otom MaTepnaJie jicjkmt noKpoB njieMCToqeHOBbix HaHocoB, rjiaBHbiM o6pa30M JieccoB.
IIOBepXHOCTb IOpCKMX M3BeCTHHKOB MOrJia nOABepraTbCH 3aKapCT0BbIBaHMK) B Te-neHMe noHTM Ljejioro TpeTMHHoro nepMOAa, ho oco6eHHo mhtohcmbho npoTeKaJiM 3tm npoueccbi b najieoreHe. CBMAOTeJibCTByeT 06 otom o6Ha>xeHMe b KypABaHOBe noA KpaKOBOM, onMcaHHoe b nocJieAHee BpeMH M. Tbihmhckom (41). Il0BepxH0CTb iopckmx M3BeCTHHKOB 3AeCb CMJIbHO pa3'be^eua TJiyGOKMMM KapCTOBbIMM HM3MM M npMKpbiTa MeCTHbIMM OCaAKaMM (MJIbl C KpeMHeBbIMM JKeJIBaKaMM), a Ha HMX Jie>KaT HMJKHe-TopTOHCKMe ocaAKM, npeBocxoAHO AaTMpyiomMe BepxHioio rpaHMijy B03pacTa otom nocJieMeJioBOM noBepxHOCTM.
B TpeTMHHOM nepMOAG B03HMKJIM KapCTOBbie CjJOpMbl T3K>Ke Ha CMJie3CKOM B03-BbimeHHOCTM (12) m b CBeHTOKuiMCKOM paMOHe (9, 10). 3to npeMMymecTBeHHO 6oJib-HIMX pa3MepOB KapCTOBbie BOpOHKM, BbinOJIHeHHbie MeCTHbIM M HaHOCHbIM MaTepMa-jiom. HeKOTOpbie MCCJieAOBaTejiM noJiaraiOT, hto ohm MMoijeHOBoro B03pacTa (kohtm-HeHTaJIbHblM MMOL^eH), HO H AY^aiO, HTO B03M0>KeH M CTapiIIMM B03paCT. 3TM (JjOpMbl m nopoABi TpeGyiOT AaJibHeMuiMX MCCJieAOBaHMM m cpaBHeHMH c 5ojiee APeBHMMP1 (J)OpMaMM, OCoSeHHO C nOBepXHOCTHMM BbipaBHMBaHMH, BHyTpM KOTOpbIX OHM BblCTy-naiOT.