Sea

Kara

Bay

Bay

A r c t i c

Beaufort

Laptev

Barents Sea

Greenland

Baffin

Hudson

Sea

Sea

Sea

Sea of

Okhotsk

Lake

Lake

Great Bear

Great Slave

Sea

Baltic

Black Sea

Sea

Bering
Strait

Chukchi

average minimum

extent of sea ice

Le

na

Ko

lym

a

Aldan

Vil

yuy

Yu

ko

n

Lena

Ri

ve

r

Yenisey

Lake

Lake

Ladoga

Onega

Vo

lga

River

Mackenzie

North

Sea

East

Siberian

N o r t h P a c i f i c

Lake

Athabasca

O c e a n

Bering Sea

O c e a n

Denmark Strait

Davis Strait

N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n

Labrador

Sea

Norwegian

Sea

Pechora

Ob'

Ob'

Irtysh

Kam

a

Don

Dnieper

Sea

Amur

Alaska

Gulf of

Peac

e

er

v

R

i

Sukh

on

a

Dvina

Vy

cheg

da

Sev

ernaya

R U S S I A

C A N A D A

U.K.

IRE.

ICELAND

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

LATVIA

LITH.

BELARUS

UKRAINE

POLAND

DENMARK

GERMANY

EST.

KAZ.

JAPAN

(DENMARK)

Greenland

(NORWAY)

Svalbard

(NORWAY)

(NORWAY)

CHINA

UNITED STATES

Faroe

Islands

Jan Mayen

RUS.

(DENMARK)

10˚C (50˚F) isotherm,

July

Belfast

Dublin

Juneau

Anchorage

Dawson

Inuvik

Barrow

Provideniya

Anadyr'

Cherskiy

Arkhangel'sk

St. Petersburg

Magadan

Khabarovsk

Nizhniy

Novgorod

Kazan'

Perm'

Whitehorse

Yellowknife

Echo Bay

Nome

Bay

Prudhoe

Fairbanks

Alert

Nord

Tasiilaq

Kangerlussuaq

(Ammassalik)

Okhotsk

Oymyakon

Verkhoyansk

Bjørnøya

Tiksi

Moscow

Tallinn

Vilnius

Qaanaaq

(Thule)

Kaujuitoq

(Resolute)

Cambridge

Bay

(Frobisher Bay)

Iqaluit

Kangiqcliniq

(Rankin Inlet)

Narsarsuaq

(Frederikshåb)

Itseqqortoormiit

(Scoresbysund)

Noril'sk

Dikson

Lake

Watson

Hay

River

Rostov

Volgograd

Saratov

Samara

Yakutsk

Helsinki

Oslo

Riga

Kharkiv

Kiev

Minsk

Warsaw

Berlin

Copenhagen

Kodiak

Bethel

Valdez

Pevek

Repulse Bay

Tromsø

(Søndre Strømfjord)

Reykjavík

Nuuk

(Godthåb)

Stockholm

Tórshavn

Paamiut

Longyearbyen

Murmansk

Sakhalin

administered by Russia, claimed by Japan.

K U

R I

L

I S

L A

N D

S

A

L E

U

TI

A

N

I S

L A

N D

S

occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945,

Kamchatskiy

Petropavlovsk-

Island

Wrangel

NOVAYA
ZEMLYA

FRANZ

JOSEF

LAND

SEVERNAYA

ZEMLYA

NEW

SIBERIAN

ISLANDS

Ellesmere

Island

ISLANDS

QUEEN

ELIZABETH

Banks

Island

Victoria

Island

SHETLAND

ISLANDS

Baffin

Island

Circle

Arctic

30

30

60

70

60

50

Circle

Arctic

150

120

180

150

120

60

North

Pole

80

90 E

90 W

0

80

70

60

50

0

0

500 Kilometers

Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection

500 Miles

average temperature for the warmest month is below 10ºC.

The Arctic region is often defined as that area where the

ARCTIC REGION

Scale 1:39,000,000

802916AI (R02112) 6-02