0024 01

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

1

A Case for Infrastructure
Renewal with
Accountability

1.1 INTRODUCTION

7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIWKLVERRNLVWRLQWURGXFHWKH,3406 ,QWHJUDWHG3ODQ

QLQJDQG4XDOLW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP DQGUHODWHGFDVHKLVWRULHVWKDWUHS

UHVHQWDXWRSVLHVRUSRVWPRUWHPVRISURMHFWV([SHULHQFHVKRZVWKDWOHVVRQV

OHDUQHGIURPSDVWFRVWO\PLVWDNHVDQGGLVDVWHUVDUHLQYDOXDEOHLQDFKLHYLQJ

TXDOLW\SURMHFWVRQWLPHDQGRQEXGJHW



7KLVLVWKHILUVWERRNWRVKRZKRZ

WRSUHSDUHJXLGHOLQHVDQGFKHFNOLVWVIRUQHZSURJUDPVRUSURMHFWV7KH

\HDUVWXG\GHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKH,3406FDQEHDGDSWHGWRSURJUDPVDQG

SURMHFWVLQGLIIHUHQWVHFWRUV,WFDQDOVREHDGDSWHGWRWKHJURZLQJWUHQGIRU

GHVLJQFRQVWUXFWLRQ SURMHFWV 7KH XVH RI WKLV V\VWHP ZLOO EH DSSOLHG WR

UHEXLOGLQJ$PHULFD¶VLQIUDVWUXFWXUH &KDSWHU 

7KHHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOZHOOEHLQJRIDQDWLRQDUHGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWR

WKHTXDOLW\RILWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGHQYLURQPHQW7KHGHPLVHRISDVWFLYLOL

]DWLRQV ² (J\SWLDQ 5RPDQ ,QFD DQG RWKHUV ² DFFHOHUDWHG ZKHQ WKH\

VWRSSHG PDLQWDLQLQJ DQGLPSURYLQJWKHLUSXEOLF ZRUNV 8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKH

86LVQRZJXLOW\RILJQRULQJWKHLQDGHTXDF\RILWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUH,QGHHG

WKLVLVKDSSHQLQJGHVSLWHWKHHIIRUWVRIWKH5HEXLOG$PHULFD&RDOLWLRQZKLFK

ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ



1.2 OUR DETERIORATING INFRASTRUCTURE

$PHULFDLVDWDFURVVURDGVLQLWVEDWWOHWRPDLQWDLQHFRQRPLFVWUHQJWKDQG

TXDOLW\RIOLIH%RWKDUHMHRSDUGL]HGE\WKHQDWLRQ¶VDSDWK\WRZDUGUHSDLULQJ

DQGH[SDQGLQJRXUH[LVWLQJQDWLRQDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGFOHDQLQJXSWKHHQYL

URQPHQW ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH FRYHUV KLJKZD\V EULGJHV DLUSRUWV ZDWHU VXSSO\

V\VWHPV ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQWV VROLG ZDVWH GLVSRVDO IDFLOLWLHV DQG

SXEOLFVFKRROV,WLQFOXGHVWKHQHHGWRSURYLGHFOHDQDLUDQGZDWHUDQGFRQWURO

GLVHDVH7KXVLWLVDEDVLFQHHGWRVXVWDLQDQGIXUWKHUHFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDO

JURZWKLQDOOQDWLRQV

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

,WLVHVWLPDWHGWKDWSHUFHQWRIWKHQDWLRQ¶VKLJKZD\VQHHGZRUNUDQJLQJ

IURP UHSDYLQJ WR PDMRU VWUXFWXUDO UHKDELOLWDWLRQ $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH )HGHUDO

+LJKZD\$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ



“SHUFHQWRIWKHKLJKZD\EULGJHVLQ

WKH86DUHVWUXFWXUDOO\GHILFLHQWRUIXQFWLRQDOO\REVROHWH6RPHFLWLHVKDYH

ZDWHUPDLQOHDNVWKDWORVHXSWRSHUFHQWRIWKHLUZDWHUVXSSO\HYHU\GD\

6XFKZLGHVSUHDGGHFOLQHWKUHDWHQVWRGLVDEOHHQWLUHV\VWHPVPDGHXQVWDEOH

E\ GHOD\HG PDLQWHQDQFH DQG VWRSJDS UHSDLUV &RQVHUYDWLYHO\ WKH ORVV RI

PDQ KRXUV DQG IXHO EHFDXVH RI GHWRXUV DQG WUDIILF FRQJHVWLRQ FRVWV ERWK

LQGXVWU\ DQG WKH SXEOLF VHFWRU RYHU  ELOOLRQ HDFK \HDU DQG WKH FRVW LV

LQFUHDVLQJ





,Q DGGLWLRQ QHDUO\  SHUFHQW RI $PHULFD¶V SXEOLF VFKRROV ZHUH EXLOW

EHIRUH:RUOG:DU,,7KXVDERXWDWKLUGRIWKHFRXQWU\¶VPLOOLRQVFKRRO

FKLOGUHQDUHWU\LQJWRSUHSDUHIRUDGXOWOLIHLQVFKRROVWKDWODFNSURSHUKHDW

YHQWLODWLRQDQGEDWKURRPIDFLOLWLHV

'LUHFWO\UHODWHGWRSXEOLFKHDOWKLVWKHRQJRLQJSROOXWLRQRIRXUQDWLRQ¶V

ODNHVULYHUVVWUHDPVDQGED\V7KLVLVFRPSRXQGHGE\RXWEUHDNVRIEDFWHULD

LQ PXQLFLSDO GULQNLQJ  ZDWHU VXSSO\ V\VWHPV VXFK DV WKH RQH WKDW PDGH

SHRSOHVLFNLQ0LOZDXNHHLQ



7KRXJKPXFKSURJUHVVKDVEHHQPDGHVLQFHWKH&OHDQ:DWHU$FWRI

WKHWDVNUHTXLUHVFRQVWDQWDWWHQWLRQ0XFKUHPDLQVWREHGRQH$SURILOHRI

86ZDWHUUHVRXUFHVLQFOXGHVWKHIROORZLQJ



‡ 0RUHWKDQPLOOLRQPLOHVRIULYHUVDQGVWUHDPV

‡ VTXDUHPLOHVRIODNHVSRQGVDQGUHVHUYRLUV

‡ PLOHVRI*UHDW/DNHVVKRUHOLQH

‡ VTXDUHPLOHVRIHVWXDULHV

$VRIVWDWHVUHSRUWHGWKHIROORZLQJ

‡ SHUFHQWRIULYHUVSHUFHQWRIODNHVDQGSHUFHQWRIHVWXDULHV

ZHUHFRQWDPLQDWHGZLWKWR[LFFKHPLFDOV

‡ 2IWKHDVVHVVHGULYHUVSHUFHQWDUHSROOXWHGWRWKHSRLQWZKHUH

WKH\IDLOWRPHHWGHVLJQDWHGXVHV

‡ SHUFHQWRIODNHVSRQGVDQGUHVHUYRLUVIDLOWRPHHWGHVLJQDWHG

XVHV

‡ SHUFHQWRIWKH*UHDW/DNHVVKRUHOLQHPLOHVIDLOWRPHHWGHVLJ

QDWHGXVHV

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH IRUHJRLQJ WKHUH LV WKH SUREOHP RI KD]DUGRXV ZDVWH

ZKLFKLPSDFWVSXEOLFKHDOWKLQDOOVWDWHV7KHQXPEHURIWR[LFZDVWHVLWHV

KDVLQFUHDVHGGHVSLWHWKHHIIRUWVRIWKH(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\¶V

6XSHUIXQG 3URJUDP 3XEOLF KHDOWK SUREOHPV ZHUH IRXQG WR EH ZRUVH ZLWK

WKHRIILFLDOH[SRVXUHRIWKHQXFOHDUZHDSRQU\UHVHDUFKLQ²WKRXVDQGV

RI FRQWDPLQDWHG VLWHV LQ  VWDWHV



 7KH QXFOHDU ZHDSRQU\ UHVXOWHG IURP

VHFUHWERPEIDFWRULHVDQGUHSUHVHQWVDWRWDOFROODSVHRIHWKLFVDQGDFFRXQW

DELOLW\LQRXUJRYHUQPHQWDQGWKHGHIHQVHFRQWUDFWRUV

7KH IRUHJRLQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG UHODWHG HQYLURQPHQWDO SUREOHPV DUH

FRPSRXQGHGE\WKHVHULRXVSUREOHPVLQWKH86FRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\2XU

FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQGXVWU\ LV RQH RI WKH QDWLRQ¶V ODUJHVW VLQJOH LQGXVWULHV DQG

XQIRUWXQDWHO\LWLVDOVRWKHPRVWIUDJPHQWHGDQGOHDVWSURJUHVVLYH

:LWKRXWFRQWLQXRXVLQYHVWPHQWLQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDPRGHUQHFRQRP\IDLOV

WRJURZ2XUHFRQRPLFFRPSHWLWRUVDUHNHHQO\DZDUHRIWKLV$OORIWKHPDMRU

LQGXVWULDOL]HGFRXQWULHVLQYHVWDKLJKHUSHUFHQWDJHRIJURVVGRPHVWLFSURGXFW

LQSXEOLFZRUNVWKDQWKH86 -DSDQOHDGVDOORIWKH*FRXQWULHV,Q

LWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQYHVWPHQWZDVURXJKO\WULSOHWKDWRIWKH86,WDOVROHDGV

LQSURGXFWLYLW\JURZWKDERXWWULSOHWKHUDWHRIRXUFRXQWU\ 5KHWRULFDERXW

OD\LQJWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUDEHWWHU$PHULFDULQJVKROORZZKHQZHDUHODVWRQ

WKHOLVWRIFRXQWULHVLQYHVWLQJLQWKHLURZQHFRQRPLFIXWXUH

,QIUDVWUXFWXUHUHTXLUHVFRQWLQXRXVDWWHQWLRQ)HGHUDOVWDWHDQGORFDOJRY

HUQPHQWVXQGHUSUHVVXUHWRFXWEXGJHWVRIWHQGHOD\PDLQWHQDQFHDQGUHSDLU

7KLV RI FRXUVH LV QRW HFRQRPLFDO DW DOO EXW WKH PRVW H[SHQVLYH IRUP RI

XQGHULQYHVWPHQW,QVWHDGRIOHDYLQJEHKLQGPRUHWKDQZHIRXQGRXUOHJDF\

WRRXUFKLOGUHQZLOOEHWREUHDNWKHXQVSRNHQSURPLVHRIDEHWWHUOLIHWRSDVV

RQWKHGHEWVZHGLGQ¶WSD\DQGDGLPLQLVKHGTXDOLW\RIOLIH,W¶VQRWWRRODWH

WRPDNHJRRGRQWKDWSURPLVHEXWDVDQDWLRQZHPXVWDFWQRZ7KHQHFHVVDU\

DFWLRQPXVWHQVXUHRSWLPL]DWLRQRIGZLQGOLQJUHVRXUFHVWRSURYLGHLQIUDVWUXF

WXUH UHEXLOGLQJ WKDW LV FRVW HIIHFWLYH DQG KLJK TXDOLW\ 7KLV ZLOO UHTXLUH

DFFRXQWDELOLW\7KLVZLOOUHTXLUHWKHXVHRIDQLQWHJUDWHGSODQQLQJDQGTXDOLW\

PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPVXFKDVWKH,3406

1.3 STATUS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

%HIRUHWKHVIHZSHRSOHZRUULHGDERXWKD]DUGRXVZDVWHDVORQJDVWKH\

ZHUHQRWDIIHFWHGE\WKHKDUPIXOE\SURGXFWV7KHILUVWQDWLRQDOFRQFHUQVRQ

WKH GDQJHUV WR OLIH UHVXOWLQJ IURP FRQWDPLQDWLRQ RI WKH HQYLURQPHQW ZHUH

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

KLJ KOLJ KWHG ZLWK WKH SDVVDJ H RI WKH 1DWLRQDO (QYLURQPHQWDO 3ROLF\ $FW

1(3$ LQ1(3$FUHDWHGWKH(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\ (3$

LQZLWKDPDQGDWHWRVDIHJXDUGWKHQDWLRQ¶VHQYLURQPHQW6HFWLRQ

RI1(3$RXWOLQHGWKHVSHFLILFUHTXLUHPHQWVWKDWDQ\SURSRVHGDFWLRQVXFK

DVQHZSURJUDPVRUSURMHFWVZRXOGKDYHWRPHHWLQWHUPVGHOLQHDWLQJWKH

HQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDQGSURYLGLQJIRUSXEOLFFRPPHQW

8QIRUWXQDWHO\ LQ WKH SDVW QR SURYLVLRQV ZHUH PDGH IRU GXPSLQJ RI

KD]DUGRXVZDVWHV7KLVVHYHUHSUREOHPZDVFRPSRXQGHGE\WZRIDFWV 

WKH86PLOLWDU\LVWKHQDWLRQ¶VODUJHVWSROOXWHUDQGLWVDFWLYLWLHVKDYHEHHQ

FRYHUHGXSE\LWVFODVVLILHG VHFUHW VWDWXVDQG  HQJLQHHUVDQGVFLHQWLVWV

IRXQGWKDWWKH(3$DFFHSWHGPHWKRGRIFRQWDLQLQJPRVWZDVWHPDWHULDOVLQ

WKH V ZDV IODZHG 'HVSLWH VSHFLDO OLQLQJV DQG EDUULHUV WR SUHYHQW WKH

ZDVWHIURPVHHSLQJOHDNVRFFXUUHGDIWHUDIHZ\HDUVRI³FRQWDLQPHQW´7KHVH

OHDNVVHHSHGLQWRWKHZDWHUVXSSOLHVRIFRPPXQLWLHVDQGZLOGOLIHKDELWDWV

7KHQDWLRQZDVVKRFNHGLQWKHVZKHQWKHVWRU\RI/RYH&DQDOLQ

XSVWDWH1HZ<RUNKLWWKHPHGLD'XPSLQJVWDUWHGLQWKHVDQGDFFHOHU

DWHGDIWHU+RRNHU&KHPLFDO&RPSDQ\SXUFKDVHGWKHSURSHUW\LQWKHV

(QJLQHHUVDWWKH+RRNHU&KHPLFDO&RPSDQ\SODQWLQ&DOLIRUQLDDGYLVHGWKHLU

VXSHULRUVWKDWWKHFRPSDQ\ZDVFUHDWLQJDVHULRXVSXEOLFKHDOWKSUREOHPE\

YLRODWLQJSROOXWLRQOLPLWVDQGGXPSLQJWR[LFZDVWHV7KH/RYH&DQDOWUDJHG\

HUXSWHGDIHZ\HDUVODWHUZKHQFRQVWUXFWLRQRIDQHZVFKRROEURNHWKHFOD\

VHDOVWKDWKDGKHOGWKHFKHPLFDOVLQVLGH7KHKLJKO\WR[LFFKHPLFDOVVHHSHG

WKURXJKWKHVRLOWRZDUGWKHVFKRRODQGKXQGUHGVRIKRPHVVXUURXQGLQJWKH

FDQDO2YHUGLIIHUHQWFKHPLFDOVZHUHHYHQWXDOO\LGHQWLILHGZLWKVRPH

NQRZQWRFDXVHELUWKGHIHFWVDQGFDQFHU/RYH&DQDOZDVIRXQGWREHWKH

³WLSRIWKHLFHEHUJ´²RQHRIWKRXVDQGVRIKD]DUGRXVZDVWHVLWHVDFURVVWKH

FRXQWU\

)URPDQHQYLURQPHQWDOVWDQGSRLQW/RYH&DQDOZDVQRWDQLVRODWHGHYHQW

%\  WKH SXEOLF KDG DOUHDG\ ZLWQHVVHG GR]HQV RI HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG

SXEOLFKHDOWKGLVDVWHUVDILUHRQWKHVXUIDFHRIWKH&X\DKRJD5LYHULQ2KLR

DQHQRUPRXVRLOVSLOOLQ6DQWD%DUEDUDWKH.HSRQHSRLVRQLQJRIWKHZHOOV

RI+RSHZHOO9LUJLQLDWKHLQDGYHUWHQWPL[WXUHRIFDQFHUFDXVLQJILUHUHWDU

GDQW ZLWK FDWWOH IHHG LQ 0LFKLJDQ WKH   FRQWDLQHUV RI KD]DUGRXV

FKHPLFDOVIRXQGLQWKH³9DOOH\RIWKH'UXPV´QHDU/RXLVYLOOHWKHUHOHDVH

7KLVILJXUHZDVIRXQGWREHFORVHUWRGUXPVZKLFKKDGEHHQGXPSHGLOOHJDOO\DWDIDUP

DQGOHIWWRURW7KHKD]DUGRXVZDVWHFRQWHQWVFRQWDPLQDWHGWKHVRLODQGDORFDOFUHHN

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

RIDGLR[LQFORXGRYHU6HYHVR,WDO\DQGDPDVVLYHFOXVWHURIELUWKGHIHFWV

DPRQJLQIDQWVLQD:REXUQ0DVVDFKXVHWWVQHLJKERUKRRG

7KHUHDUHPDQ\IRUPVRIKD]DUGRXVZDVWHVSURGXFHGE\LQGXVWULHVVXFK

DV PDQXIDFWXUHUV RI FKHPLFDOV SDLQWV SHWUROHXP SURGXFWV DQG HOHFWULFDO

HTXLSPHQW,QDGGLWLRQWKH86PLOLWDU\DQGLWVFRQWUDFWRUVDUHPDMRUSUR

GXFHUVRIWR[LFZDVWHIURPQXFOHDUZHDSRQU\UHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQW,Q

IDFW DOO PLOLWDU\ LQVWDOODWLRQV KDYH FRQWDPLQDWHG WKH HQYLURQPHQW ZLWK QR

UHJDUGIRUSXEOLFKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\

7KHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWKDVLGHQWLILHGDSSUR[LPDWHO\VXEVWDQFHVDV

KD]DUGRXVWRSXEOLFKHDOWKDQGWKHHQYLURQPHQW)RUH[DPSOHGLR[LQLVRQH

RIWKHPRVWWR[LFVXEVWDQFHVNQRZQ,WFRYHUVDFODVVRIFKORULQHUHODWHG

FRPSRXQGVZKLFKDUHZDVWHE\SURGXFWVIURPWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJRIFKHP

LFDOVDQGSDSHUSURGXFWV7KHVHWR[LFPDWHULDOVKDYHEHHQGXPSHGLQODQGILOOV

DQGZDWHUZD\VHQGLQJXSLQGULQNLQJZDWHUVXSSO\V\VWHPVDQGIRRGV\V

WHPVLQFOXGLQJILVK2WKHUFKHPLFDOVWKDWWKUHDWHQKHDOWKDQGWKHHQYLURQ

PHQW LQFOXGH SRO\FKORULQDWHG ELSKHQ\OV 3&%V  3&%V KDYH EHHQ XVHG WR

PDNH SDLQW SODVWLFV DGKHVLYHV DQG SULQWLQJ LQN 7KH\ FDQ FDXVH FDQFHU

ELUWK GHIHFWV DQG VNLQ GLVHDVHV 0HUFXU\ LV DQRWKHU LQGXVWULDO ZDVWH E\

SURGXFWWKDWLVSRLVRQRXV²DQG\HWKDVIRXQGLWVZD\LQWRWKHIRRGV\VWHP

IURPZDWHUZD\V

,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH IRUHJRLQJ WKHUH DUH PDQ\ SUREOHPV UHVXOWLQJ IURP

QXFOHDUZDVWHLQFOXGLQJSRZHUSODQWVDQGQXFOHDUZHDSRQU\UHVHDUFKDQG

GHYHORSPHQW7KHODWWHULVD³WLPHERPE´EHFDXVHRIWKHVHFUHWVWDWXVRIWKH

UHVHDUFKGXULQJWKH&ROG:DUHUD±7KHUHDUHXQWROGWKRXVDQGV

RIVLWHVRQPLOLWDU\EDVHVDQGLQVWDOODWLRQVZKHUHWHQVRIELOOLRQVRIJDOORQV

RIWR[LFDQGUDGLRDFWLYHZDVWHVKDYHEHHQGXPSHGLQWRSRURXVVRLO

7KH GLVFRYHU\ RI /RYH &DQDO DQG VFRUHV RI RWKHU GDQJHURXV FKHPLFDO

ZDVWH VLWHV LJQLWHG IHDU DQG RXWUDJH DFURVV WKH FRXQWU\ LQ WKH ODWH V

*DOYDQL]HGLQWRDFWLRQ²ODUJHO\WRUHPRYHLPPHGLDWHWKUHDWVLQFRPPX

QLWLHV VXFK DV /RYH &DQDO 1HZ <RUN ² &RQJUHVV LQ  HQDFWHG WKH

&RPSUHKHQVLYH(QYLURQPHQWDO5HVSRQVH&RPSHQVDWLRQDQG/LDELOLW\$FW

&(5&/$ ZKLFKTXLFNO\EHFDPHNQRZQDV6XSHUIXQG7KHODZSURYLGHG

 ELOOLRQ LQ FOHDQXS IXQGV DQG JDYH WKH (3$ DXWKRULW\ WR IRUFH SDUWLHV

UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHFRQWDPLQDWLRQWRFRQGXFWWKHFOHDQXSVRUUHSD\WKHIHGHUDO

JRYHUQPHQWIRULWVFOHDQXSFRVWV

6XSHUIXQG¶V LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ KDV DWWUDFWHG DOPRVW FRQWLQXDO FULWLFLVP

VLQFHLWVLQFHSWLRQ,QLWVILUVW\HDUVFRQJUHVVLRQDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQVLQWRDOOH

JDWLRQVRIPLVPDQDJHPHQWDQGSROLWLFDOPDQLSXODWLRQRIWKHSURJUDPOHGWR

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

WKHUHVLJQDWLRQRI(3$¶VDGPLQLVWUDWRUDQGWKHLQFDUFHUDWLRQRIWKH6XSHUIXQG

SURJUDP¶V WRS RIILFLDO ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH (3$ 6XSHUIXQG ZDVSODFHG RQ WKH

JRYHUQPHQW¶VOLVWRIKLJKULVNSURJUDPVLQ



6HYHQWHHQIHGHUDOSURJUDPV

ZHUH VR UDWHG EHFDXVH RI WKHLU YXOQHUDELOLW\ WR ZDVWH IUDXG DEXVH DQG

PLVPDQDJHPHQW0HDQZKLOHWKHQXPEHURIKLJKO\WR[LFVLWHVKDGJURZQWR

RYHU  LQ  DIWHU VSHQGLQJ RYHU  ELOOLRQ 7KH (3$ 6XSHUIXQG

3URJUDPVDQG  DUHGLVFXVVHGDVDQ,3406SRVWPRUWHP

LQ&KDSWHU

,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHLQGXVWULDOGXPSLQJRIKD]DUGRXVZDVWHVLQWRWKHHQYL

URQPHQW IRU PDQ\ \HDUV ZH QRZ ILQGWKDW WKHUH DUH WKRXVDQGVRIVLWHV DW

PLOLWDU\ EDVHV DQG LQVWDOODWLRQV FRQWDPLQDWHG E\ QXFOHDU ZDVWHV IURP WKH

&ROG:DUHUD ± UHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRIQXFOHDUERPEVDQG

ZHDSRQU\



(YLGHQFHRIWKHRQJRLQJFRQWDPLQDWLRQLVSUHVHQWHGLQWKHQH[WVHFWLRQ

RQ WKH ERPE IDFWRULHV $GGLWLRQDO HYLGHQFH LV GRFXPHQWHG LQ WKH ,3406

SRVWPRUWHPVRIWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWKH7UDQV$ODVND3LSHOLQH6\VWHP &KDSWHU

 WKH(3$6XSHUIXQG3URJUDPVWR &KDSWHU DQGWKH+DQIRUG1XFOHDU

5HVHUYDWLRQ &KDSWHU 

1.4 NUCLEAR WASTE CONTAMINATION

7KHDJHRI QXFOHDUHQHUJ\ QRZRYHU \HDUVROGKDVJLYHQWKHZRUOGD

JUHDWVRXUFHRIHQHUJ\IRUERWKJRRGDQGHYLO2QWKHRQHKDQGLWKDVKHOSHG

WR SURYLGH WKH HOHFWULF SRZHU WKDW GRHV VR PXFK WR PDNH RXU OLYHV PRUH

SURGXFWLYHDQGHQMR\DEOH2QWKHRWKHUKDQGLWKDVWHUURUL]HGXVZLWKWKH

DZIXO ZHDSRQV LW KDV FUHDWHG DQG WKH GDPDJHV WR SXEOLF KHDOWK DQG WKH

HQYLURQPHQW

5DQNLQJKLJKDPRQJLWVPRVWIULJKWHQLQJDVSHFWVDUHWKHZDVWHPDWHULDOV

WKDW UHVXOW IURP WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI QXFOHDU HQHUJ\ DQG QXFOHDU ZHDSRQU\

1XFOHDUZDVWHVORRPDVDGDQJHUWROLIHDQGWKHHQYLURQPHQWEHFDXVHWKH\

DUH UDGLRDFWLYH HPLWWLQJ D UDGLDWLRQ WKDW FDQ EH GHDGO\ $GGLQJ WR WKHLU

GDQJHUVLVWKHIDFWWKDWPDQ\UHTXLUHXSWRDQDVWRQLVKLQJ\HDUVEHIRUH

WKHLUUDGLDWLRQGZLQGOHVWRWKHSRLQWZKHUHWKH\DUHQRORQJHUDEOHWRKDUP

7KHSURGXFWLRQRIQXFOHDUSRZHUDQGQXFOHDUZHDSRQU\JHQHUDWHVUDGLR

DFWLYHZDVWHSURGXFWVRWKHUZLVHNQRZQDVUDGZDVWHV,IQRWSURSHUO\VWRUHG

WKHVHZDVWHVUHQGHURXUVRLODLUDQGZDWHUVXSSO\YXOQHUDEOHWRUDGLRDFWLYH

FRQWDPLQDWLRQ7KHRQO\VHFXUHPHDQVRIGLVSRVDOLVVKLHOGLQJ1XFOHDUZDVWH

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

QHHGV WR EH VWRUHG IDU EH\RQG KXPDQ UHDFK ZKHUH LW FDQ GHFD\ IRU WKH

KXQGUHGVHYHQWKRXVDQGVRI\HDUVQHFHVVDU\IRULWWREHFRPHKDUPOHVV

8QIRUWXQDWHO\ D VHULRXV SUREOHP RI UDGLRDFWLYH FRQWDPLQDWLRQ RI ERWK

WKHZRUNSODFHDQGWKHHQYLURQPHQWHPHUJHGLQWKHODWHV7KLVZDVWKH

H[SRVXUHRIWKH³&ROG:DUHUD´VHFUHWWHVWLQJRIKXPDQUHDFWLRQWRH[SRVXUH

WR UDGLDWLRQ DQG WKH SRLVRQLQJ RI PLOOLRQV RI SHRSOH ZRUNLQJ LQ RU OLYLQJ

QHDU QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV IDFLOLWLHV ,W EHJDQ LQ  DQG ZDV NHSW VHFUHW IRU

RYHU\HDUV0HDQZKLOHQXFOHDUZDVWHGLVSRVDOZDVWDNLQJSODFHDW

ZHDSRQVIDFWRULHVSULQFLSDODQGRYHUVHFRQGDU\LQVWDWHV&RQWUDFW

PDQDJHPHQWLQLWLDOO\ZDVWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH$WRPLF(QHUJ\&RPPLV

VLRQ $(& RQHRIWKHSUHGHFHVVRUVWRWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\ '2( 

'2(QRZKDVWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHKXJHWDVNRIFOHDQLQJXSWKHVHVLWHV



7KH ERPE IDFWRULHV KLJKOLJKW WKH DEVROXWH GLVUHJDUG IRU SXEOLF KHDOWK

ZRUNHUVDIHW\KXPDQGLJQLW\DQGWKHHQYLURQPHQW,QGHHGWKH\UHSUHVHQW

D WRWDO FROODSVH RI HWKLFV DQG DFFRXQWDELOLW\ LQ RXU JRYHUQPHQW DQG WKH

GHIHQVHFRQWUDFWRUVDVHYLGHQFHGE\WKHLULJQRULQJWKHSURIHVVLRQDOHQJLQHHUV

VFLHQWLVWVDQGPDQDJHUVZKRZHUHWU\LQJWR³EORZWKHZKLVWOH´



7KHPHGLD

ILUVW PDGH D ODUJHVFDOH H[SRVXUH RI WKH QXFOHDU ZHDSRQU\ UHVHDUFK DQG

GHYHORSPHQWDWWKHPDMRUVLWHVLQODWH:KLVWOHEORZHUVZHUHEHJLQ

QLQJWRH[SRVHWKHLQQXPHUDEOHKHDOWKVDIHW\VHFXULW\DQGRWKHUYLRODWLRQV

DWDOOWKHERPEIDFWRU\VLWHVLQ3ODQWZRUNHUVWKHLUIDPLOLHVDQGWKHLU

FRPPXQLWLHVKDYHEHHQNQRZLQJO\H[SRVHGWRXQDFFHSWDEOHOHYHOVRIUDGLR

DFWLYH HPLVVLRQV DQG ZDVWHV VLQFH  +RZHYHU LW WRRN WKH &KHUQRE\O

QXFOHDUSODQWGLVDVWHURILQ5XVVLDWRWULJJHU86PHGLDWROLVWHQWRWKH

ZKLVWOHEORZHUV

7KHERPEIDFWRULHVUHSUHVHQWDQXQIRUWXQDWHV\PERORIFROOXVLRQEHWZHHQ

WKHPLOLWDU\DQGGHIHQVHFRQWUDFWRUVWKDW3UHVLGHQW(LVHQKRZHUZDUQHGWKH

QDWLRQDERXWLQKLVIDUHZHOOVSHHFK-DQXDU\+HZDVGHHSO\FRQFHUQHG

DERXWWKHVHFUHWSRZHURIDPLOLWDU\LQGXVWULDOFRPSOH[RQHWKDWZRXOGUHVXOW

LQH[FHVVLYHGHFHSWLRQFRUUXSWLRQDQGIUDXG8QIRUWXQDWHO\KLVDGYLFHZDV

QRW IROORZHG DQG WKH FROOXVLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH IHGHUDO JRYHUQPHQW DQG ELJ

EXVLQHVV HVSHFLDOO\ GHIHQVH FRQWUDFWRUV DQG WKH RLO LQGXVWU\ UHVXOWHG LQ

FRPSOHWHGLVUHJDUGIRUODZVDQGUHJXODWLRQVGHVLJQHGWRSURWHFWSXEOLFKHDOWK

DQGVDIHW\DQGWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHZKLVWOHEORZHUVRUHWKLFDOUHVLVWHUVDUH

DUHODWLYHO\QHZJURXSZKRDUHFRQFHUQHGDERXWWKHODFNRIDFFRXQWDELOLW\

LQJRYHUQPHQWDQGLQGXVWU\WRGD\

7KHZKLVWOHEORZHUVKDYHEHHQKDUDVVHGERWKPHQWDOO\DQGVH[XDOO\E\

WKHLU VXSHULRUV 7KH\ KDYH DOVR EHHQ UHEXNHG E\ WKH IHGHUDO JRYHUQPHQW

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

LQFOXGLQJWKH1XFOHDU5HJXODWRU\&RPPLVVLRQDQGPHPEHUVRI&RQJUHVV

7KH\QRZKDYHDQDOO\LQWKH*RYHUQPHQW$FFRXQWDELOLW\3URMHFW *$3 D

QRQSURILW SXEOLF LQWHUHVW RUJDQL]DWLRQ EDVHG LQ :DVKLQJWRQ '&



 *$3

SURYLGHVOHJDODQGDGYRFDF\DVVLVWDQFHWRFRQFHUQHGFLWL]HQVZKRZLWQHVV

GDQJHURXVLOOHJDORUHQYLURQPHQWDOO\XQVRXQGSUDFWLFHVLQWKHLUZRUNSODFHV

DQG FRPPXQLWLHVDQGFKRRVH WR ³EORZ WKH ZKLVWOH´6LQFH LWVIRXQGLQJ LQ

*$3KDVKHOSHGKXQGUHGVRISXEOLFDQGSULYDWHHPSOR\HHVDQGJUDVV

URRWVRUJDQL]DWLRQVH[SRVHWKUHDWVWRSXEOLFKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\DQGWKHHQYL

URQPHQW

7KH QXFOHDU ZHDSRQU\ VLWHV KDYH FRQWDPLQDWHG ELOOLRQV RI JDOORQV RI

ZDWHUDQGPLOOLRQVRIWRQVRIVRLOZLWKZDVWHVIURPWKHERPEEXLOGLQJSODQWV

(VWLPDWHGFRVWVRIFOHDQXSUDQJHIURPWRELOOLRQRYHUWKHQH[W

WR\HDUV



*RRGPDQDQG,JQDFLRVKRZKRZDQHZPHWKRGRORJ\WKH\

GHYHORSHGZLWKDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOWHDPWKH,QWHJUDWHG3ODQQLQJDQG4XDOLW\

0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP ,3406 FDQEHXVHGWRFOHDQXSWKHVHVLWHVHIILFLHQWO\

7KH,3406ZKHQSURSHUO\LQWURGXFHGDQGLPSOHPHQWHGUHVXOWVLQDFFRXQW

DELOLW\FRVWHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGTXDOLW\

7KH SRVWPRUWHP VKRZV WKDW ZDVWH IUDXG DQG PLVPDQDJHPHQW LQ WKH

FOHDQXS RI WKH +DQIRUG 1XFOHDU 5HVHUYDWLRQ VLWH DUH UDPSDQW 2YHU 

ELOOLRQZHUHVSHQWEHWZHHQDQGZLWKELOOLRQORVWEHFDXVHRI

QRDFFRXQWDELOLW\0HDQZKLOHWKHQXFOHDUFRQWDPLQDWLRQFRQWLQXHVWRPRYH

LQWRWKHJURXQGZDWHUZKLFKIORZVLQWRWKH&ROXPELD5LYHU<HWWKHZKLVWOH

EORZHUVFRQWLQXHWREHLJQRUHGE\:HVWLQJKRXVH+DQIRUGDQGWKH'2(



1.5 CONTAMINATION OF MILITARY BASES

,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHERPEIDFWRU\VLWHVWKHUHDUHRYHUPLOLWDU\LQVWDOODWLRQV

DQGIRUPHUGHIHQVHSURSHUWLHVLQDOOVWDWHV,QWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI

'HIHQVH 'R' EHJDQWRH[DPLQHZD\VWRDFKLHYHVDYLQJVE\UHDOLJQLQJDQG

FORVLQJPLOLWDU\EDVHVWKDWZHUHFRVWO\WRRSHUDWHDQGQRORQJHUQHHGHGWR

PHHWFKDQJLQJUHTXLUHPHQWV,Q'HFHPEHURIWKDW\HDUWKH&RPPLVVLRQRQ

%DVH5HDOLJQPHQWDQG&ORVXUH %5$& UHFRPPHQGHGWKDWPLOLWDU\

LQVWDOODWLRQVEHFORVHGDQGRWKHUVEHSDUWLDOO\FORVHGH[SDQGHGRUUHGXFHG

E\WKHUHORFDWLRQRIPLOLWDU\XQLWV



%HFDXVH WKH FRPPLVVLRQ ZDV FRQFHUQHG SULPDULO\ ZLWK HQVXULQJ WKDW

PLOLWDU\UHTXLUHPHQWVEHPHWVXFKIDFWRUVDVWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWRI

FORVLQJEDVHVUHFHLYHGOHVVHPSKDVLVLQLWVGHOLEHUDWLRQV7KHFRPPLVVLRQ

FRQFOXGHGIRULQVWDQFHWKDWLWGLGQRWQHHGWRFRQVLGHUWKHFRVWRIFOHDQLQJ

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

XSKD]DUGRXVZDVWHVEHFDXVHXQGHUFXUUHQWODZWKHJRYHUQPHQWZRXOGKDYH

WRFOHDQXSWKHSURSHUWLHVLQDQ\HYHQW&RQVHTXHQWO\LQFRQVLGHULQJZKLFK

EDVHVWRFORVHWKHFRPPLVVLRQKDGRQO\SUHOLPLQDU\HVWLPDWHVRIWKHH[WHQW

DQGQDWXUHRIHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQWDPLQDWLRQ

8QWLOOHJLVODWLRQJRYHUQLQJWKHKDQGOLQJDQGGLVSRVDORIKD]DUGRXVZDVWH

WRRNHIIHFWGXULQJWKHSDVWGHFDGHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUPDQDJLQJWKHGLVSRVDO

RIZDVWHRQPLOLWDU\EDVHVZHUHQRWQHDUO\DVVWULQJHQW DVWKH\DUHWRGD\

&RQVHTXHQWO\ HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQWDPLQDWLRQ LV ZLGHVSUHDG LQ VRPH FDVHV

FRQVWLWXWLQJDVLJQLILFDQWSRWHQWLDOWKUHDWWRSXEOLFKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\

2QWKHEDVHVVFKHGXOHGIRU%5$&FORVLQJVDZLGHYDULHW\RIVRXUFHV

RISROOXWLRQH[LVWVODQGILOOVIXHODQGSDLQWGXPSVEXULHGPXQLWLRQV3&%

WUDQVIRUPHUVDVEHVWRVUDGRQJURXQGZDWHUFRQWDPLQDWLRQDQGXQGHUJURXQG

VWRUDJHWDQNVWKDWKDYHGHYHORSHGOHDNV&OHDQLQJXSEXULHGPXQLWLRQVDQG

JURXQGZDWHUFRQWDPLQDWLRQDUHDPRQJWKHPRVWGLIILFXOWWLPHFRQVXPLQJ

DQGFRVWO\RIWKHVHSUREOHPV$PRQJWKH%5$&EDVHV'R'KDGLGHQWLILHG

VHYHQZLWKEXULHGPXQLWLRQVDQGDWOHDVWLQVWDQFHVRIJURXQGZDWHUFRQ

WDPLQDWLRQ 7KH ODWWHU PD\ DOVR H[LVW DW QXPHURXV DGGLWLRQDO VLWHV ² IRU

H[DPSOHODQGILOOVDQGXQGHUJURXQGVWRUDJHWDQNV²EXWILQDOGHWHUPLQDWLRQV

KDYH QRW \HW EHHQ PDGH 2WKHU W\SHV RI FOHDQXS VXFK DV UHPRYLQJ 3&%

WUDQVIRUPHUV FDQ EH UHODWLYHO\ VLPSOH DQG UHTXLUH RQO\ D VKRUW WLPH WR

FRPSOHWH



7KH&RQJUHVVLRQDO%XGJHW2IILFH &%2 HVWLPDWHGWKHUHPLJKWEHRYHU

FRQWDPLQDWHGVLWHVRQWKHPLOLWDU\LQVWDOODWLRQVLQ$JDLQ

LWLVHPSKDVL]HGWKDWWKHVHVLWHVDUHLQDGGLWLRQWRWKH&ROG:DUHUDQXFOHDU

ZHDSRQU\ UHVHDUFK DQG GHYHORSPHQW VLWHV VXFK DV WKH +DQIRUG 1XFOHDU

5HVHUYDWLRQ $VPDOOQXPEHURI WKHVHVLWHVKDYHEHHQSODFHGRQWKH(3$

6XSHUIXQG1DWLRQDO3ULRULW\/LVW 13/ 

1.6 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ISSUES

7KH FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQGXVWU\ LV WKH QDWLRQ¶V VHFRQG ODUJHVW LQGXVWU\ EHKLQG

KHDOWKFDUH DQGDOVRWKHPRVWIUDJPHQWHGDQGDPRQJWKHOHDVWSURJUHVVLYH

,QUHFHQW\HDUVLWKDVEHHQUHTXLUHGWREXLOGIDFLOLWLHVWKDWDUHPRUHDQGPRUH

FRPSOH[ XWLOL]LQJ PHWKRGV WKDWDUHODUJHO\XQFKDQJHG $WWKH VDPH WLPH

WKHUHKDVEHHQDVWHDG\HURVLRQLQTXDOLW\DQGSURGXFWLYLW\RIWKHLQGXVWU\

7KLV QHJDWLYH LPSDFW RQ WKH FRVW RI HYHU\ RIILFH EXLOGLQJ ZDWHU VXSSO\

V\VWHPZDVWHGLVSRVDOV\VWHPRUSRZHUSODQWWKDWLVEXLOWDIIHFWVWKHSULFH

WKDWPXVWEHFKDUJHGIRUWKHVHUYLFHVSURYLGHGE\WKRVHIDFLOLWLHV

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

2QHPDMRUUHDVRQWKDWFRQVWUXFWLRQLVFRPSDUDWLYHO\LQHIILFLHQWLVLQLWV

IUDJPHQWDWLRQDQGFRQVHTXHQWODFNRIWHDPZRUN,WLVDELOOLRQD\HDU

DFWLYLW\  LQYROYLQJFORVHWRRQHPLOOLRQFRQWUDFWRUVRYHUQDWLRQDO

FRQWUDFWRUDVVRFLDWLRQV PRUHWKDQORFDODQGQDWLRQDOODERURUJDQL

]DWLRQVDQGRYHUPLOOLRQSHRSOHLQFOXGLQJSURIHVVLRQDOVDQGVNLOOHGDQG

VHPLVNLOOHGZRUNHUV'HVSLWHWKHFDSDELOLWLHVRIWKHODUJHUDQGPRUHSURJUHV

VLYHFRQWUDFWRUVDQGGHVSLWHWKHVRSKLVWLFDWLRQRIPDQ\FOLHQWVIRUFRQVWUXF

WLRQ WRR PXFK RI WKH LQGXVWU\ UHPDLQV PLUHG LQ WKH SDVW &RQVWUXFWLRQ

HIIHFWLYHQHVV VWDUWV ZLWK WKH RZQHUV DQG WKH\ DORQJ  ZLWK J RYHUQPHQWDO

UHJXODWRUVRIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\DUHSDUWRIWKHUHVWUDLQW$QDGYHUVDULDO

UHODWLRQVKLSRIWHQH[LVWVEUHHGLQJVXVSLFLRQDQGODFNRIFRRSHUDWLRQDPRQJ

NH\SDUWLFLSDQWV

,QSDUDOOHOZLWKGHFUHDVLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQHIILFLHQF\FRQVWUXFWLRQ¶VVKDUH

RIJURVVQDWLRQDOSURGXFW KDVEHHQGHFOLQLQJ+LVWRULFDOO\LWKDVUXQDERXW

SHUFHQWRI*13EXWVLQFHWKDWVKDUHKDVGURSSHGVHYHUDOSHUFHQW

&XUUHQWO\LWLVDERXWSHUFHQWRI*13.H\VWRXSJUDGLQJWKHLQGXVWU\DUH

FRRSHUDWLRQDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQDQGDPRQJWKHSULQFLSDOSDUWLHV²

RZQHUVSODQQHUVGHVLJQHUVDQGFRQWUDFWRUV7KHUHLVDJUHDWQHHGIRURUJD

QL]HG NQRZOHGJH DQG H[FKDQJH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ 0HDQLQJIXO UHVHDUFK PXVW

LQYROYHUHDOLVWLFGDWDJDWKHUHGIURPFXUUHQWSUDFWLFH,QFRQWUDVWWRPRVWDUHDV

RI HQJLQHHULQJ LW LV GLIILFXOW WR PRGHO SURMHFWV LQ D ODERUDWRU\ 'DWD DUH

VFDWWHUHG DPRQJ WKRXVDQGV RI SURMHFWV LQYROYLQJ D PXOWLWXGH RI RZQHUV

FRQWUDFWRUVDQGRWKHUSDUWLHV

&RQVWUXFWLRQKDVORQJEHHQUHFRJQL]HGDVDIHUWLOHILHOGIRUUHVHDUFKDQG

VLJQLILFDQWDFDGHPLFDQGSUDFWLFDOFRQWULEXWLRQV2QO\UHFHQWO\KRZHYHUKDV

DGHTXDWHDWWHQWLRQEHHQJLYHQWRWKHQHHGVIRUIXQGVWRVXSSRUWFRQWLQXLQJ

VWXGLHV LQ WKH ILHOG 7KH %XVLQHVV 5RXQGWDEOH FRPSOHWHG D PXOWLPLOOLRQ

GROODUVWXG\LQZKLFKLGHQWLILHGPDQ\UHVHDUFKQHHGV



7KH3UHVLGHQW¶V

3ULYDWH6HFWRU6XUYH\RQ&RVW&RQWURO *UDFH&RPPLVVLRQ LGHQWLILHGZDVWH

DQGPLVPDQDJHPHQWLQSXEOLFZRUNVSURMHFWVDVSDUWRILWVFRPSUHKHQVLYH

VWXG\RIWKHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWLQDQG



7KH(DVW:HVW&HQWHU

FRQGXFWHGDXWRSVLHVRQSURMHFWVLQQLQHFRXQWULHVIURPWRWR

7KHODUJHVWLVWKH$VVRFLDWHG*HQHUDO&RQWUDFWRUVRI$PHULFD $*& ZLWKPHPEHUILUPV

DQGFKDSWHUVQDWLRQZLGH

*URVV1DWLRQDO3URGXFW *13 LVWKHVXPRIWKHFRXQWU\¶VWRWDORXWSXWRIJRRGVDQGVHUYLFHV

*13XVHGKHUHLVEDVHGRQFXUUHQWGROODUV*13LQZDV“WULOOLRQ

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

EHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGZK\SURMHFWVIDLO UXQRYHUVFKHGXOHRUEXGJHWRUFROODSVH 

DQGKRZWRLPSURYHSURGXFWLYLW\DQGTXDOLW\



7KH FRQFOXVLRQV GUDZQ IURP WKH YDULRXV VWXGLHV RI WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ

LQGXVWU\LQFOXGLQJDXWRSVLHVRUSRVWPRUWHPVRISURMHFWVFOHDUO\GHPRQVWUDWH

DFRPPRQSUREOHP²IUDJPHQWDWLRQ7KXVWKHQHHGIRULQWHJUDWLQJSODQ

QLQJGHVLJQFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWKDVEHHQUHLQIRUFHG7KLVZLOO

UHTXLUHWHDPZRUNH[FKDQJHRILQIRUPDWLRQDQGHVWDEOLVKLQJDGDWDEDVHWR

SURYLGHLQVLJKWVDQGOHVVRQVIURPSDVWPLVWDNHV7HDPZRUNPXVWLQFOXGHWKH

SULQFLSDOSDUWLHVLQYROYHG LQWKHLQGXVWU\RZQHUGHVLJQSURIHVVLRQDO DQG

FRQWUDFWRU

1.7 TWO MAJOR PROGRAMS ADDRESSING THE

ISSUES

1.7.1 T

HE

C

ONSTRUCTION

I

NDUSTRY

I

NSTITUTE

(CII)

7KH%XVLQHVV5RXQGWDEOHVWXG\UHVXOWHGLQWKHFUHDWLRQRIDQDWLRQDOIRUXP

FDOOHGWKH&RQVWUXFWLRQ,QGXVWU\,QVWLWXWH &,, 7KH&,,ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGDW

WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI7H[DVLQ$XVWLQLQ,WLVVXSSRUWHGE\ODUJHLQGXVWULDO

ILUPVDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQFRPSDQLHVLQFOXGLQJGHVLJQEXLOGILUPV

7KH&,,LVDQLQQRYDWLYHFRQFHSWIRUUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWLQFRQ

VWUXFWLRQ ,W LV LQWHQGHG WR SURYLGH D UHVRXUFH WR KHOS EULQJ WRJHWKHU WKH

IUDJPHQWHG LQGXVWU\ LQ DUHDV RI FRPPRQ SUREOHPV DQG QHHGV ,W DOORZV

RZQHUVGHVLJQHUVFRQWUDFWRUVXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGRWKHURUJDQL]DWLRQVLQYROYHG

LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ WR FRRSHUDWH LQ DUHDV RI FRPPRQ FRQFHUQV DQG LQWHUHVWV



7KHLQLWLDOREMHFWLYHVRIWKHLQVWLWXWHZHUH

‡ 7RGHYHORSLQWRDSULQFLSDOQDWLRQDOIRUXPIRULVVXHVUHODWHGWRWKH

FRVWHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\

‡ 7R EULQJ WRJHWKHU H[SHULHQFHG PDQDJHPHQW WHFKQLFDO SHUVRQQHO

DQGWKHLUFRPSDQLHVZKRVKDUHDEURDGYLHZRIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQ

LQGXVWU\DQGDUHZLOOLQJWRSDUWLFLSDWHDQGSRROWKHLUH[SHUWLVHWR

LPSURYHLW

‡ 7RLGHQWLI\LPSRUWDQWLVVXHVZKLFKLPSDFWWKHFRVWHIIHFWLYHQHVVRI

WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\VXSSRUWDQGGLUHFWUHVHDUFKSUHSDUHDQG

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

RIIHUUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVDQGGHILQHWKHPHDVXUDEOHUHVXOWVH[SHFWHG

IURPLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ

‡ 7RGLVVHPLQDWHERWKFUHGLEOHLQIRUPDWLRQRIYDOXHDQGVWDWHRIWKH

DUW NQRZOHGJH WR WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ LQGXVWU\ WKURXJK DSSURSULDWH

YHKLFOHVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLRQ

‡ 7RHVWDEOLVKDQGPDLQWDLQDSSURSULDWHOLDLVRQZLWKRWKHURUJDQL]D

WLRQVDFWLYHRQFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\LVVXHVRIPXWXDOLQWHUHVW

6XVWDLQLQJPHPEHUVKLSLQWKH&,,LVRSHQWRFRPSDQLHVLQWKH86WKDW

KDYHDVLJQLILFDQWLQYROYHPHQWLQWKH86FRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\DVDFRQ

VWUXFWLRQ XVHU FRQVWUXFWRU RU HQJLQHHU 6XVWDLQLQJ PHPEHUVKLS LQ WKH &,,

UHTXLUHVDQDQQXDOPHPEHUVKLSIHHRISOXVDFRPPLWPHQWWRVXSSRUW

WKHDFWLYLWLHVRIWKH&,,WKURXJKSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKH%RDUGRI$GYLVRUVDQG

WKH$GYLVRU\&RPPLWWHHV7KHPHPEHUVKLSREMHFWLYHLVWRKDYHQROHVVWKDQ

 SHUFHQW UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ E\ HLWKHU WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ XVHUV RU WKH FRQWUDF

WRUVHQJLQHHUVJURXS7KHUHZHUHDSSUR[LPDWHO\PHPEHUVLQ

7KH &,, KDV PDGH PXFK SURJHVV LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ SURGXFWLYLW\ LQ ODUJH

SURMHFWVLQYROYLQJWKHFKDUWHUPHPEHUV8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHUHKDVEHHQOLWWOH

RUQRLPSDFWRQWKHPDMRULW\RIFRQVWUXFWLRQSURMHFWVLQWKH867KH&,,

KDV PDGH VLJQLILFDQW FRQWULEXWLRQV WR HGXFDWLRQ DQG SUDFWLFH WKURXJK DQ

H[WHQVLYH VHULHV RI UHVHDUFK UHSRUWV DQG YLGHR WDSHV LQ DUHDV RI FRQWUDFWV

LPSOHPHQWDWLRQPDWHULDOVPDQDJHPHQWSDUWQHULQJDQGTXDOLW\RIPDQDJH

PHQW$JDLQWKHDXGLHQFHKDVEHHQOLPLWHGWRSULPDULO\WKHFKDUWHUPHPEHUV

ZKRUHSUHVHQWDVPDOOSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHRYHUDOOLQGXVWU\

1.7.2 T

HE

A

MERICAN

S

OCIETY

OF

C

IVIL

E

NGINEERS

(ASCE)

7KH $PHULFDQ 6RFLHW\ RI &LYLO (QJLQHHUV $6&(  FRQYHQHG D VHULHV RI

PHHWLQJVZLWKOHDGHUVRIWKHGHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\LQ±

WRGLVFXVVHIIRUWVWRDFKLHYHTXDOLW\LQWKHFRQVWUXFWHGSURMHFW7KHSULQFLSDO

UHFRPPHQGDWLRQZDVWKDW$6&(VKRXOGGHYHORSDQGSXEOLVK³DFRPSUHKHQ

VLYHDQGDXWKRULWDWLYHJXLGHRQTXDOLW\LQGHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQWKDWZRXOG

FOHDUO\GHILQHUROHVDQGUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVRIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVLQWKHSURFHVV´

$6&( UHFUXLWHG DSSUR[LPDWHO\  DXWKRUV DQG  UHYLHZHUV WR SURGXFH

9ROXPHRIDPDQXDOWLWOHG4XDOLW\LQWKH&RQVWUXFWHG3URMHFW$*XLGHIRU

2ZQHUV'HVLJQHUVDQG&RQVWUXFWRUV



7KHPDQXDOHQFRXUDJHVWHDPZRUNDPRQJWKHSULQFLSDOSDUWLHVRIRZQHU

GHVLJQSURIHVVLRQDODQGFRQVWUXFWRU8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHUHLVODFNRIDQLQWH

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

JUDWLYHIRUFHLQWKHPDQXDOWRHQVXUHWKHQHFHVVDU\WHDPZRUNLVDFKLHYHG

$QRWKHUPDMRUJDSLVODFNRIDWWHQWLRQWRWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIIHDVLELOLW\VWXGLHV

WR WKH GHVLJQ DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ SKDVHV 7KXV WKH EDUULHUV LQ GHVLJQ DQG

FRQVWUXFWLRQWKDWDFFRXQWIRUIUDJPHQWDWLRQVWLOOH[LVW

,QPHPEHUVRI$6&(WDFNOHGWKHTXHVWLRQ³:KDWZLOOWKHSUREDEOH

VWDWH RI FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ EH LQ WKH VW FHQWXU\"´ $6&( FRQFOXGHG WKDW

³PHHWLQJWKHFKDOOHQJHVRIWKHFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJSURIHVVLRQLQWKHVWFHQWXU\

ZLOO UHTXLUH LPDJLQDWLYH DQG FUHDWLYH UHVHDUFK VRPH RI LW LQ WRWDOO\ QHZ

ILHOGV´7KHPHPEHUVUHFRPPHQGHGD³FRRUGLQDWHGQDWLRQDOUHVHDUFKVWUDW

HJ\´ ZKLFK DW WKH WLPH ZDV QRQH[LVWHQW DQG UHTXHVWHG WKDW $6&(

³GHYHORSDQGH[HFXWHDSURJUDPRIEDVLFDQGDSSOLHGVWXGLHVDQGGHPRQ

VWUDWLRQSURMHFWV´

,Q0D\WKH$6&(7DVN&RPPLWWHHRQ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQRID&LYLO

(QJLQHHULQJ5HVHDUFK)RXQGDWLRQ &(5) UHSRUWHGRQ LWVDFWLYLWLHVWRWKH

$6&(%RDUGRI'LUHFWLRQZKLFKLQFOXGHGWKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKHFRUSRUDWH

HQWLW\QRZNQRZQDV&(5)DQGWKH&RPPLWWHH¶VUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVOHDGLQJ

WRWKHVWDUWXSRIWKH)RXQGDWLRQLQ

7KHPLVVLRQRI&(5)LVWRXQLI\WKHFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJSURIHVVLRQWKURXJK

UHVHDUFKDQGLQQRYDWLRQ,WUHFHLYHGEDVLFVXSSRUWIURP$6&(ZLWKPDMRU

VXSSRUWIURPFRRSHUDWLQJRUJDQL]DWLRQVWKURXJKDSDUWQHUVKLSHIIRUWLQMRLQW

UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV &ROODERUDWLRQ WR GDWH KDV EHHQ VLJQLILFDQW ZLWK IHGHUDO

GHSDUWPHQWVDQGDJHQFLHV)RUH[DPSOHWKH86(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ

$JHQF\ (3$ LVQRZFROODERUDWLQJZLWK&(5)WRHYDOXDWHDEURDGUDQJHRI

QHZ HQYLURQPHQWDO WHFKQRORJLHV IRU SROOXWLRQ DYRLGDQFH DQG UHPHGLD

WLRQUHVWRUDWLRQ

$QRWKHUH[DPSOHLVWKH+LJKZD\,QQRYDWLYH7HFKQRORJ\(YDOXDWLRQ&HQ

WHU +,7(& +,7(&ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKH)HGHUDO

+LJKZD\ $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ WR KHOS PRYH KLJKZD\ LQQRYDWLRQ LQWR SUDFWLFH

PRUHTXLFNO\

7KHVHMRLQWHIIRUWVDUHLQWHQGHGWRHYDOXDWHQHZWHFKQRORJLHVDQGWKHQ

PRYHWKHPLQWRSUDFWLFH+RZHYHU&(5)GRHVQRWDGGUHVVLVVXHVRIDFFRXQW

DELOLW\FRVWHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGTXDOLW\

,QVXPPDU\WKHRYHUDOOSLFWXUHRIWKHVWDWXVRIWKHQDWLRQ¶VLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

DQGHQYLURQPHQWLVQRWJRRG0DQ\FLUFXPVWDQFHVKDYHFRQYHUJHGWRFUHDWH

FXUUHQWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHSUREOHPV7KHPRVWVHULRXVDUH

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

‡ 7KH KLJK FRVW RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ EHFDXVH RI IUDJPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH

LQGXVWU\ZKLFKUHVXOWVLQODFNRIWHDPZRUNDQGDFFRXQWDELOLW\

‡ 6KLIWLQJUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVWKH5HDJDQDGPLQLVWUDWLRQVKLIWHGLQIUD

VWUXFWXUHPDLQWHQDQFHDQGUHSDLUIURPIHGHUDOWRVWDWHEXGJHWV,Q

PDQ\FDVHVVWDWHDQGORFDOWUHDVXULHVZHUHXQDEOHWRIRRWWKHELOO

,QDGGLWLRQWKH+LJKZD\DQG$LUSRUW7UXVW)XQGVDUHEURNH



‡ 'HIHUUHGPDLQWHQDQFHHOHFWHGRIILFLDOVIDFHGZLWKWKHFKRLFHRI

HUHFWLQJQHZVWUXFWXUHVRUV\VWHPVRUUHSDLULQJROGRQHVWHQGWR

OHDYHWKHUHSDLUVWRWKHLUVXFFHVVRUV6RGRWKHLUVXFFHVVRUVOHDYLQJ

ELJJHUDQGELJJHUSUREOHPV

‡ )XQGLQJ DOORFDWLRQV RZLQJ WR WKH ZD\ IHGHUDO IXQGV KDYH EHHQ

GLVWULEXWHGPDQ\VWDWHVDQGPXQLFLSDOLWLHVKDYHIRXQGLWFKHDSHU

WR ³EXLOG QHZ´ WKDQ ³IL[ ROG´ +LJKZD\ IXQGV IRU H[DPSOH DUH

PDGHDYDLODEOHIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQQRWHDUPDUNHGIRUUHSDLUV

‡ ,QFUHDVHGORDGLQJVVWUXFWXUHVEXLOWWRWDNHVSHFLILFORDGVQRZPXVW

WDNHPXFKPRUHZLWKWUXFNVKDYLQJGRXEOHGDQGHYHQWULSOHGLQ

ZHLJKW

‡ 7LPLQJWKHQXPHURXVSXEOLFZRUNVSURMHFWVRIWR\HDUVDJR

DUH³FRPLQJGXH´UHYHDOLQJDQ\PLVWDNHVHPEHGGHGLQWKHLUFRQ

VWUXFWLRQ VXFK DV WKH EULGJHV DQG RYHUSDVVHV LQ WKH &DOLIRUQLD

HDUWKTXDNHVRIDQG 

5HEXLOG $PHULFD D EURDGEDVHG FRDOLWLRQ RI RUJDQL]DWLRQV FRQFHUQHG

ZLWKDGHTXDWHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQYHVWPHQWZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQ



,WOREELHV

IRU WKH UHOHDVH RI IHGHUDO WUXVW IXQGV IRU QHHGHG WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ DQG SXEOLF

EXLOGLQJLPSURYHPHQWVLQFOXGLQJVFKRROEXLOGLQJV8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKH\GR

QRWXQGHUVWDQGWKDWDOOWKH)HGHUDO7UXVW)XQGVDUHEURNH5HEXLOG$PHULFD

LQFOXGHV FLW\ FRXQW\ VWDWH DQG QDWLRQDO RIILFLDOV DV ZHOO DV RWKHU SXEOLF

OHDGHUVZKRVHMRELWLVWRPDLQWDLQLQVSHFWDQGSODQIRUWKHEXLOGLQJDQG

UHEXLOGLQJ RI RXU SXEOLF IDFLOLWLHV 7KHVH SURIHVVLRQDOV DUH VXSSRUWHG E\

HQJLQHHUVEXLOGHUVILQDQFLHUVFRQWUDFWRUVDQGDUFKLWHFWVFRQFHUQHGDERXW

WKHGLUHQDWLRQDOFRQVHTXHQFHVRIVXEVWDQGDUGLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

7KHULVHDQGIDOORIDFLYLOL]DWLRQXOWLPDWHO\LVOLQNHGWRLWVDELOLW\WRIHHG

DQGVKHOWHULWVSHRSOHDQGWRGHIHQGLWVHOI7KHVHFDSDELOLWLHVGHSHQGRQWKH

YLWDOLW\RILWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUH²WKHXQGHUO\LQJQHDUO\LPSHUFHSWLEOHIRXQGD

WLRQRIDVRFLHW\¶VZHDOWKDQGTXDOLW\RIOLIH$FLYLOL]DWLRQWKDWVWRSVLQYHVWLQJ

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

LQLWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWDNHVWKHILUVWVWHSVWRZDUGGHFOLQH$VWKHLQIUDVWUXFWXUH

GHFD\VVRFLHW\VORZO\EHFRPHVSDUDO\]HGE\LWVLQDELOLW\WRWUDQVSRUWSHRSOH

DQG IRRG SURYLGH FOHDQ DLU DQG ZDWHU FRQWURO GLVHDVH DQG FRQGXFW FRP

PHUFH

,QWKHODVWFHQWXU\WKH86LQYHVWHGKHDYLO\LQLWVLQIUDVWUXFWXUH²IURP

FDQDOVWRILEHURSWLFV\VWHPVIURPIUHVKZDWHUWRLQWHUVWDWHKLJKZD\VDQG

UDSLGPDVVWUDQVLWV\VWHPV%XWWKLVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHQRZLVGHWHULRUDWLQJGXH

WRH[FHVVLYHGHPDQGPLVXVHDQGQHJOHFW7KHIUDJLOLW\RIWKHVHV\VWHPVDQG

WKHVWDJJHULQJORVVHVWKHLUIDLOXUHZLOOLQFXUZDVJUDSKLFDOO\LOOXVWUDWHGE\

WKH&KLFDJRIORRGLQ$SULO+XUULFDQH$QGUHZLQ$XJXVWDQGD

PLQRU WHOHSKRQH RXWDJH LQ 1HZ <RUN LQ 6HSWHPEHU  WKDW VKXW GRZQ

WKUHHPDMRUDLUSRUWV6HYHUDOVWXGLHVLQGLFDWHWKDWWKHFXUUHQWGHFOLQHLQ86

SURGXFWLYLW\DQGLWVLQFUHDVLQJGHILFLWDUHSDUWO\WKHUHVXOWRIDGHWHULRUDWLQJ

LQDGHTXDWHLQIUDVWUXFWXUH



7KH5HEXLOG$PHULFD&RDOLWLRQUHTXLUHVDVVLVWDQFHWRDZDNHQ&RQJUHVV

DQGWKH:KLWH+RXVHWRWKHYLWDOQHHGIRUWKHLUDFWLRQV7KH1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH

)RXQGDWLRQ 16) ZLOOVKDUSHQWKHIRFXVRQWKLVXUJHQF\E\HVWDEOLVKLQJD

QDWLRQDO ,QVWLWXWH IRU &LYLO ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH 6\VWHPV ,&,6  LQ ODWH 



8QIRUWXQDWHO\QHLWKHUWKH5HEXLOG$PHULFD&RDOLWLRQQRUWKH16)LQLWLDWLYH

DGGUHVVHVWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQLQGXVWU\LVVXHV7KH,3406ZKHQSURSHUO\LQWUR

GXFHGDQGLPSOHPHQWHGZRXOGUHVXOWLQWKHQHFHVVDU\WHDPZRUNHVVHQWLDO

IRUVXFFHVV

1.8 THE NEED TO TEACH TEAMWORK

7R EH VXFFHVVIXO UHEXLOGLQJ $PHULFD¶V LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG FOHDQLQJ XS WKH

HQYLURQPHQWPXVWEHXQGHUWDNHQRQDWHDPEDVLV2IHTXDOLPSRUWDQFHWKLV

WDVNPXVWLQFOXGHSURYLVLRQIRUDFFRXQWDELOLW\([SHULHQFHZLWKRYHU\HDUV

VWXG\LQJEXGJHWRYHUUXQVDQGRWKHUFRVWO\PLVWDNHVLQERWKSXEOLFDQGSULYDWH

SURMHFWVSRLQWVWRFRPPRQSUREOHPVRIIUDJPHQWDWLRQLQSODQQLQJGHVLJQ

DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ 7R LOOXVWUDWH WKHVH SUREOHPV FRQVLGHU WKH IROORZLQJ

FDVHV

‡ 7KH7UDQV$ODVND3LSHOLQH6\VWHP 7$36 3DUW2QH ±

%XGJHWRYHUUXQIURPPLOOLRQWRELOOLRQ

&RQVWDQWGHVLJQFKDQJHVGXULQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

ELOOLRQORVWWRZDVWHIUDXGDQGPLVPDQDJHPHQW

%DVLFSUREOHPVUHODWHGWRODFNRIDGHTXDWHIHDVLELOLW\VWXGLHV

‡ 7$363DUW7ZR2SHUDWLRQ ±

&RQVWDQW YLRODWLRQ RI IHGHUDO DQG VWDWH ODZV UHJDUGLQJ ZRUNHU

KHDOWKDQGVDIHW\DQGSROOXWLQJWKHHQYLURQPHQW

6H[XDO DQG PHQWDO KDUDVVPHQW RI ZKLVWOHEORZHUV E\ PDQDJH

PHQW

7KHODUJHVWRLOVSLOOLQ86KLVWRU\FRPSRXQGHGE\ODFNRIDYL

DEOHUHVSRQVHV\VWHP

‡ 6WDWHRI:DVKLQJWRQ)LYH1XFOHDU3RZHU3ODQWV ±

2ULJLQDOHVWLPDWHRIELOOLRQEDOORRQHGWRRYHUELOOLRQLQ

DQGJURZLQJ

6WDWHGHIDXOWHGRQELOOLRQLQPXQLFLSDOERQGVLQGXH

WRZDVWHIUDXGDQGPLVPDQDJHPHQW

7ZRSRZHUSODQWVFDQFHOHGLQDQGWZRZHUH³VKHOYHG´DIWHU

FRQVWUXFWLRQZDVPRUHWKDQSHUFHQWFRPSOHWHG

(VFDODWLRQRIFRQVWUXFWLRQFRVWVLQRQHVWDWHFDXVLQJDQHFRQRPLF

GHSUHVVLRQLQQHLJKERULQJVWDWHV

‡ :DVKLQJWRQ'&0HWUR6\VWHP ±

2ULJLQDO HVWLPDWHV RI  ELOOLRQ H[FHHGHG  ELOOLRQ LQ 

ZLWKRQO\PLOHVDQGVWDWLRQVFRPSOHWHGRXWRIDSURMHFWHG

PLOHVDQGVWDWLRQVDQRWKHUELOOLRQQHHGHG

/DUJHEXGJHWRYHUUXQVFDXVHGE\LQDGHTXDWHSODQQLQJUHJDUGLQJ

WKHHIIHFWRIWXQQHOLQJRQDGMDFHQWVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHVXOWLQJOLWLJD

WLRQ

/DFNRIFRPSHWHQFHLQWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIGHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXF

WLRQ

‡ (QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\¶V6XSHUIXQG3URJUDPVDQG

 ±

2QO\WR[LFZDVWHVLWHVFOHDQHGXSDIWHU\HDUVDQGELO

OLRQH[SHQGHG SURMHFWLRQVHVWLPDWHGVLWHVZRXOGEHFRP

SOHWHG 

/DFNRILQWHJUDWLRQRISODQQLQJGHVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ

1RDWWHPSWPDGHWRHVWDEOLVKDGDWDEDVHDIWHU3URJUDP1RLQ



7KH86*HQHUDO$FFRXQWLQJ2IILFH *$2 UHSRUWVRQZDVWH

IUDXGDQGPLVPDQDJHPHQWLJQRUHGE\&RQJUHVVDQGWKH:KLWH

+RXVH

/DFNRIFRQWLQXLW\LQOHDGHUVKLSRIWKH(3$²XVHRISROLWLFDO

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

DSSRLQWHHV

1RERG\LQWKHHQWLUHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWLVDFFRXQWDEOH²WKLV

YLRODWHVWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQUHJDUGLQJWKHVSHQGLQJRISXEOLFPRQ

H\

‡ 6SDFHFUDIW&KDOOHQJHU'LVDVWHU -DQXDU\

([SORVLRQVHFRQGVLQWRODXQFKNLOOLQJVL[DVWURQDXWVDQG

RQHVFKRROWHDFKHU

25LQJSUHVVXUHVHDOVLQWKHULJKWVROLGURFNHWPRWRUIDLOHGSHU

PLWWLQJWKHHVFDSHRIKLJKO\SUHVVXUL]HGURFNHWIXHO

7KH UHFRPPHQGHG HVFDSH V\VWHP IRU VXFK DQ HPHUJHQF\ KDG

EHHQUHMHFWHGLQDVWRRFRVWO\ PLOOLRQ 

5HSHDWHGZDUQLQJVE\HQJLQHHUVRI2ULQJSUREOHPV FKDUULQJ

DQGHURVLRQ VLQFHLJQRUHGE\0RUWRQ7KLRNRODQG1DWLRQDO

$HURQDXWLFVDQG6SDFH$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 1$6$ PDQDJHUV

‡ +DQIRUG1XFOHDU5HVHUYDWLRQ5LFKODQG:$ ±

0DQDJHPHQWRSHUDWLQJWKHIDFLOLW\IRURYHU\HDUVZLWKRXWUH

JDUGIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOKHDOWKRUVDIHW\UHTXLUHPHQWV

'HSDUWPHQW RI (QHUJ\ '2(  DQG LWV SUHGHFHVVRU DJHQFLHV

NQRZLQJO\H[SRVHGWHQVRIWKRXVDQGVRIERPESODQWZRUNHUVWR

FRQGLWLRQVWKDWUHVXOWHGLQLQMXU\KHDOWKSUREOHPVDQGGHDWK,Q

DGGLWLRQ PRVWRIWKHVHZRUNHUVDQGQHLJKERULQJFRPPXQLWLHV

KDYHEHHQH[SRVHGWRKDUPIXOOHYHOVRIUDGLRDFWLYLW\

+LJKOHYHOQXFOHDUZDVWHVGXPSHGRQWRWKHGHVHUWIORRUDQGLQWR

WKH&ROXPELD5LYHU

1RRYHUVLJKWE\IHGHUDODJHQFLHVRUPHPEHUVRI&RQJUHVV,Q

GHHGFRQWUDFWRUVVXFKDV:HVWLQJKRXVH+DQIRUGDQGLWVSUHGH

FHVVRU5RFNZHOO,QWHUQDWLRQDODUHUHLPEXUVHGE\WKH'2(IRU

OHJDOH[SHQVHVILJKWLQJWKHZKLVWOHEORZHUV

'HOLEHUDWHDQGLOOHJDOGHVWUXFWLRQRIGRFXPHQWVVKRZLQJZDVWH

VWRUDJHSUREOHPVOHDNVDQGRWKHUGDQJHURXVFRQGLWLRQV

:DVWHIUDXGDQGPLVPDQDJHPHQWUDPSDQWLQFOHDQXSRIFRQ

WDPLQDWHGVLWHV2YHUELOOLRQVSHQWVLQFHZLWKELO

OLRQORVWWRZDVWHDQGIUDXG

:KLVWOHEORZHUV LJQRUHG E\ PDQDJHPHQW DQG WKH 86 JRYHUQ

PHQWLQDOORIWKHDERYH

7KHIRUHJRLQJSUREOHPVFDQEHDYRLGHGE\XVLQJWKHLQWHJUDWHGSODQQLQJ

DQGTXDOLW\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHP ,3406 &KDSWHULQWURGXFHVWKH,3406

7KH DXWKRUV SURSRVH D \HDU SURJUDP LQ &KDSWHU  WR UHEXLOG WKH

LQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGFOHDQXSWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHSURJUDPZRXOGEHDIHG

HUDO±VWDWH JRYHUQPHQW SDUWQHUVKLS FRVWLQJ  ELOOLRQ D \HDU ,W ZRXOG EH

SODQQHG GHVLJQHG DQG LPSOHPHQWHG LQ WKH ,3406 IUDPHZRUN WR HQVXUH

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&

DFFRXQWDELOLW\FRVWHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGTXDOLW\7KHPRQH\ZRXOGFRPHIURP

WKHELOOLRQLQ&RUSRUDWH:HOIDUH

REFERENCES



*RRGPDQ/RXLV-3URMHFW3ODQQLQJDQG0DQDJHPHQW$Q,QWHJUDWHG6\VWHP

IRU,PSURYLQJ3URGXFWLYLW\1HZ<RUN9DQ1RVWUDQG5HLQKROG



3HWURVNL+HQU\'HVLJQ3DUDGLJPV&DVH+LVWRULHVRI(UURUDQG-XGJPHQW

LQ(QJLQHHULQJ1HZ<RUN&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV



$VVRFLDWHG*HQHUDO&RQWUDFWRUVRI$PHULFD $*& 7KH&DVHIRU,QIUDVWUXF

WXUH,QYHVWPHQW:DVKLQJWRQ'&$*&



)HGHUDO+LJKZD\$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ )+$ +LJKZD\6WDWLVWLFV:DVKLQJ

WRQ'&86'HSDUWPHQWRI7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ



86 *HQHUDO $FFRXQWLQJ 2IILFH *$2  'HSDUWPHQW RI (QHUJ\ &RQWUDFW

0DQDJHPHQW *$2+5 *$2 +LJK 5LVN 6HULHV :DVKLQJWRQ '&

*$2'HFHPEHU



6KXOPDQ6HWK7KH7KUHDW$W+RPH&RQIURQWLQJWKH7R[LF/HJDF\RIWKH

860LOLWDU\%RVWRQ%HDFRQ3UHVV



86*HQHUDO$FFRXQWLQJ2IILFH *$2 6XSHUIXQG3URJUDP0DQDJHPHQW

*$2+5*$2+LJK5LVN6HULHV:DVKLQJWRQ'&*$2'HFHP

EHU



86'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\ '2( 7KH%DVHOLQH(QYLURQPHQWDO0DQ

DJHPHQW5HSRUW'2((0:DVKLQJWRQ'&'2(



7KH *RYHUQPHQW $FFRXQWDELOLW\ 3URMHFW *$3  7KH )LJKW IRU 5HIRUP DW

+DQIRUG:DVKLQJWRQ'&%ULGJLQJWKH*DS6SULQJ



7KH*RYHUQPHQW$FFRXQWDELOLW\3URMHFW *$3 1XFOHDU5HIRUP7KH&DVH

RI(G%ULFNHU:DVKLQJWRQ'&%ULGJLQJWKH*DS:LQWHU



861HZVDQG:RUOG5HSRUW7KH%LOOLRQ6FDQGDODWWKH%RPE)DF

WRULHV1HZ<RUN'HFHPEHU



7KH(QHUJ\'DLO\+DQIRUG7DQN&OHDQXS+DPSHUHGE\1HZ'DWD:DVK

LQJWRQ'&7KH(QHUJ\'DLO\9RO1R)HEUXDU\



&RQJUHVVLRQDO%XGJHW2IILFH &%2 (QYLURQPHQWDO&OHDQXS,VVXHV$VVR

FLDWHGZLWK&ORVLQJ0LOLWDU\%DVHV:DVKLQJWRQ'&&%23DSHUV$XJXVW





%XVLQHVV5RXQGWDEOH0RUH&RQVWUXFWLRQIRUWKH0RQH\6XPPDU\5HSRUW

RIWKH&RQVWUXFWLRQ,QGXVWU\&RVW(IIHFWLYHQHVV3URMHFW1HZ<RUN%XVLQHVV

5RXQGWDEOH



*UDFH-3HWHU%XUQLQJ0RQH\7KH:DVWHRI<RXU7D['ROODUV1HZ<RUN

0DFPLOODQ3XEOLVKLQJ&RO



&RQVWUXFWLRQ,QGXVWU\,QVWLWXWH &,, $QQXDO5HSRUWVDQG&,,1HZV$XVWLQ

7;&,,

background image

‹&5&3UHVV//&



$PHULFDQ 6RFLHW\ RI &LYLO (QJLQHHUV $6&(  4XDOLW\ LQ WKH &RQVWUXFWHG

3URMHFW $ *XLGH IRU 2ZQHUV 'HVLJQHUV DQG &RQVWUXFWRUV 1HZ <RUN

$6&(



)LJJLH +DUU\ ( ZLWK 6ZDQVRQ *HUDOG - %DQNUXSWF\  7KH &RPLQJ

&ROODSVHRI$PHULFDDQG+RZWR6WRS,W%RVWRQ/LWWOH%URZQ



1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH)RXQGDWLRQ 16) &LYLO,QIUDVWUXFWXUH6\VWHPV5HVHDUFK

6WUDWHJLF,VVXHV:DVKLQJWRQ'&16)5HSRUW-DQXDU\



1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH)RXQGDWLRQ 16) ,QLWLDWLYH$QQRXQFHPHQW,QVWLWXWH)RU

&LYLO,QIUDVWUXFWXUH6\VWHPV:DVKLQJWRQ'&16)-XQH


Document Outline


Wyszukiwarka

Podobne podstrony:
0024 01
TD 01
Ubytki,niepr,poch poł(16 01 2008)
01 E CELE PODSTAWYid 3061 ppt
01 Podstawy i technika
01 Pomoc i wsparcie rodziny patologicznej polski system pomocy ofiarom przemocy w rodzinieid 2637 p
zapotrzebowanie ustroju na skladniki odzywcze 12 01 2009 kurs dla pielegniarek (2)
01 Badania neurologicz 1id 2599 ppt
01 AiPP Wstep
ANALIZA 01
01 WPROWADZENIA
01 piątek
choroby trzustki i watroby 2008 2009 (01 12 2008)
syst tr 1 (2)TM 01 03)13
Analiza 01
04 01 MORBILLO ROSOLIA VaMALATTIA

więcej podobnych podstron